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Targeting Schwann cells: A new approach to repairing corneal injury

The cornea—the clear, dome-shaped outer layer of the eye—contains more nerves per surface area than any other tissue in the human body. Its nerve density is 300–600 times that of the skin. These nerves are vital for preserving eye health, sending pain signals to let you know if your eye is at risk of damage from bright light or a foreign object—and reminding you to continuously blink to prevent your eyes from drying out.

Medical Xpress

Multilingual benchmark evaluates how well AI interprets clinical text and health records in nine languages

Researchers at Mass General Brigham recently developed BRIDGE, a multilingual benchmark that evaluates how well large language models (LLMs) understand clinical patient care text, including language used in electronic health records (EHRs), across nine languages. The benchmarking tool could help clinicians evaluate and compare LLMs for use in specific contexts. Results are published in Nature Biomedical Engineering.

Phys.org

Emergency department visits increased during and after Aliso Canyon gas blowout

Emergency department use rose significantly during and after the 2015–16 Aliso Canyon gas blowout, according to a new paper from the UCLA Aliso Canyon Disaster Health Research Study. Data showed that people living downwind of the blowout had 26 more emergency department visits per 1,000 residents from before to during the disaster, compared with the same time frame in a demographically similar comparison community. That surge remained similarly high a year later.

Phys.org

Floating litter extends over Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the US

A study led by researchers from the Smithsonian Institution and the UB reveals that reducing single-use plastic is essential for protecting coastal ecosystems. Floating litter has also invaded Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States and one of the most important in the world.

Medical Xpress

Colorectal tumors use mitochondrial complex II to stockpile iron, but eliminating it causes cell death

Scientists know that colorectal cancer cells require large amounts of iron and that as cancer becomes more aggressive, the cells have even higher amounts of iron. Normal cells with high levels of iron would undergo a type of iron-related cell death called ferroptosis. But in cancer cells, the iron continues to accumulate well beyond normal levels without succumbing to expected cell death processes.

Medical Xpress

The kombucha paradox: Measurable effects, uncertain well-being benefits

Kombucha has become part of the wider boom in gut-friendly foods and drinks. But a major heart health charity is urging consumers to look more carefully at what these products actually contain.

Phys.org

Study advocates cross-tier traceability to improve food safety

The Hong Kong SAR imports more than 90% of its food, and it can be very difficult, when food safety incidents occur, to trace the source across a complex supply chain. Prof. Leng Mingming, dean of the Faculty of Business and chair professor of operations and risk management at Lingnan University, has published a new study proposing the introduction of a unified product tracing system across the food supply chain.

Phys.org

Molecular fossils reveal secrets of Earth's recovery from ancient global warming event

Scientists have uncovered new evidence from one of Earth's most extreme ancient warming events, revealing how the climate may recover long after human-driven CO2 emissions cease.

STAT News

STAT+: DOJ’s swift win in OhioHealth case should have hospitals studying their contracts, experts say

The speed of DOJ's proposed antitrust settlement with OhioHealth should put other hospitals on notice, experts say.

Phys.org

Atlantic and Pacific may follow different rules on long-term warming, analysis shows

Florida State University researchers have identified key differences in the root causes of long-term sea-surface temperature changes across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, a finding that could help guide future research on ocean variability. The study by Assistant Professor of meteorology Michael Diamond and FSU meteorology graduate alumnus Anthony Freveletti found that long-term temperature changes in the Pacific Ocean are driven primarily by internal ocean variability, while those in the Atlantic are largely the result of human emissions.

Medical Xpress

Why weight‑loss drugs don't work for some people

Weight-loss jabs are the latest craze for shedding a few pounds. Their effect has been dramatic, with drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy (semaglutide) causing users to lose up to 15% of their body fat on average.

Phys.org

Study finds urbanization in the Hong Kong Greater Bay Area intensifies extreme heat and heavy rainfall risks

In recent years, Hong Kong has experienced repeated episodes of intense rainfall that have significantly affected social operations, including the "once-in-a-century" rainstorm in September 2023, exceptionally heavy rain in May 2024, and a series of Black Rainstorm events in early August 2025. These extreme weather events have not only disrupted residents' daily travel and public infrastructure but also highlighted the challenges faced by high-density coastal cities in coping with extreme weather.

Medical Xpress

Amyloid precursor protein protects neurons during nuclear waste disposal

Researchers at Niigata University's Brain Research Institute have uncovered a new function of amyloid precursor protein (APP), a molecule long studied as the precursor to amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study demonstrates that APP actively protects neurons by expelling damaged nuclear material through a process called lysosomal exocytosis—offering a fundamentally new way of thinking about AD. The findings are published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Medical Xpress

Exploiting a common weakness in enzymes could lead to a single vaccine against diarrhea-causing gut pathogens

The bacteria enterotoxigenic E. coli and Shigella together cause hundreds of millions of infections each year and are among the leading causes of diarrheal death, especially in children. Decades of vaccine development efforts have come up short, in part because the usual vaccine targets vary too much from one strain to the next. Now, new research from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis points to a shared biological feature of these gut pathogens that could lead to a vaccine that protects against both.

Medical Xpress

Are older people with brain diseases more likely to have a traumatic brain injury?

According to a study published in Neurology, the risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and certain brain diseases may go in both directions. Studies have shown that having a TBI may increase the risk of developing a stroke, dementia, epilepsy or Parkinson's disease.

Phys.org

Seaweed farming offers climate benefits, but regulatory gaps pose risks

From sea lettuce adorning tidal pools and bull kelp left in windrows at the high tide line to towering underwater forests of giant kelp providing refuge and food for countless species, British Columbia's seaweeds are both prominently visible along shorelines and hidden from sight in the deep.

Medical Xpress

Turns out the 'gym bros' were right (kind of)—we should be eating more protein

A new perspective paper published in Frontiers in Nutrition argues that current public health recommendations for physical activity and protein intake are designed to prevent deficiency rather than maximize long-term health, independence and quality of life. The paper explores first-principles questions: How much protein should you have? What exercises should you be doing? What does the latest science tell us?

Phys.org

Mars mission simulations reveal key to teamwork under pressure

Whether it's to the moon or Mars, a NASA mission requires some essential preparations: designing and developing the spacecraft, astronaut training and safety checks, clear goals, and strategies and procedures for maintaining communication between crews on Earth and in space.

Phys.org

A 'super' El Niño has the power to devastate fishing, and leave seals and sea lions starving

There is a more than 60% chance that a "super" El Niño will develop by the end of this year.

Medical Xpress

Pakistani genomes reveal 34,000 knockouts that could explain why mouse-based drugs fail in humans

A comprehensive analysis of 173,303 genomes from Pakistan, published today in Nature, is upending how scientists understand human genetics and drug development. By identifying 34,000 people who are "human knockouts," with complete loss of function of at least one gene, the study reveals variation in the human genome needed to shape new treatments for human diseases while also illuminating why drugs developed in mice often fail in humans.

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