UNEP (UN 환경)
Global Resources Outlook 2024
Global Resources Outlook 2024 salome.mbeyu Thu, 02/22/2024 - 18:33
NASA·USGS·WHO 등 과학·연구·보건 기관의 공식 자료. Public Domain / WHO 라이선스로 본문 직접 표시.
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Global Resources Outlook 2024 salome.mbeyu Thu, 02/22/2024 - 18:33
Used Heavy- Duty Vehicles and the Environment: A Global Overview of Used Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Flow, Scale and Regulation This Used Heavy- Duty Vehicles and the Environment: A Global Overview of Used Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Flow, Scale and Regulation report analyses the flow and scale of used heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) from three major used HDVs exporters – Japan, the European Union (EU) and Republic of Korea (ROK). It also reviews the regulatory environment for used HDVs import in 146 countries, 122 of which are low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). The major exporters of HDVs (used & new) are the EU, Japan, Republic of Korea (ROK), Mexico, the US, and China. However, while China manufactures 67% of global HDVs, its share of used HDV exports was only 8% in 2020. This is changing rapidly as the policy to expand used vehicles exports is being implemented and from 2022 more than 30 cities in China have been approved to export used vehicles globally. The EU on the other hand exported about 46% of used HDVs (2020) while contributing to about 6% of global HDVs manufacturing. Thus, while the worldwide HDV manufacturing market shifted from Western Europe and North America to emerging economies in the last two decades, used HDVs exporters are primarily high-income economies. george.maina@un.org Wed, 02/14/2024 - 16:07
State of Finance for Nature 2023 salome.mbeyu Thu, 12/07/2023 - 12:24
An Eye on Methane: International Methane Emissions Observatory 2023 Report An Eye on Methane: the road to radical transparency takes stock of progress harnessing an imminent data revolution that can accelerate methane reduction on a global scale. Credible data has the potential to deliver the transparency needed for rapid climate action, but only if reconciled, integrated and put into the hands of those who can act on it. The International Methane Emissions Observatory’s third annual report provides decision makers a framework of action to track and monitor methane emissions to plan targeted and ambitious action for their mitigation. salome.mbeyu Thu, 11/23/2023 - 16:12
Emissions Gap Report 2023 salome.mbeyu Wed, 11/08/2023 - 13:39
Wastewater - Turning Problem to Solution Wastewater is a growing health and environmental threat, accounting for almost as many planet warming emissions as the aviation industry. Yet, with the right policies, wastewater could be an invaluable resource, providing alternative energy to half a billion people, supplying over 10 times the water provided by current global desalination capacity and offsetting over 10 per cent of global fertilizer use. More than 10 years have passed since the release of the report 'Sick Water? The Central Role of Wastewater Management in Sustainable Development', and despite some progress, significant amounts of wastewater are still being released untreated into the environment with negative repercussions for the environment and human livelihood. This new report, “Wastewater - Turning problem to solution”, developed jointly by UNEP's Global Wastewater Initiative and GRID-Arendal, urges decision makers and action takers from all regions of the world to implement the three key actions, to overcome barriers, and to put in place the building blocks, described in the publication. You can see more on the Global Wastewater Initiative here. geraldine.debl… Thu, 08/17/2023 - 12:01
Global Climate Litigation Report: 2023 Status Review Climate litigation represents a frontier solution to change the dynamics of the fight against climate change. This Global Climate Litigation Report: 2023 Status Review shows that people are increasingly turning to the courts to combat the climate crisis. As of December 2022, there have been 2,180 climate-related cases filed in 65 jurisdictions, including international and regional courts, tribunals, quasi-judicial bodies, or other adjudicatory bodies, such as Special Procedures at the United Nations and arbitration tribunals. This represents a steady increase from 884 cases in 2017 and 1,550 cases in 2020. Children and youth, women’s groups, local communities, and Indigenous Peoples, among others, are taking a prominent role in bringing these cases and driving climate change governance reform in more and more countries around the world. This report, which updates previous United Nations Environment Programme reports published in 2017 and 2020, provides an overview of the current state of climate change litigation and an update on global climate change litigation trends. It provides judges, lawyers, advocates, policymakers, researchers, environmental defenders, climate activists, human rights activists (including women’s rights activists), NGOs, businesses and the international community at large with an essential resource to understand the current state of global climate litigation, including descriptions of the key issues that courts have faced in the course of climate change cases. This report further demonstrates the importance of an environmental rule of law in combating the triple planetary crises of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution. Access to justice enables the protection of environmental law and human rights and promotes accountability in public institutions. The report was launched in conjunction with the anniversary of the United Nations General Assembly’s recognition of the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment (A/RES/76/300), as the majority of cases brought before the courts demonstrate concrete links between human rights and climate change. The UNGA resolution, which recognises that climate change impacts have negative implications on the enjoyment of all human rights, is likely to drive further action on climate change in the future. Related publications The Environmental Rule of Law: First Global Report Global Climate Litigation Report: 2020 Status Review The Status of Climate Change Litigation: A Global Review claudia.hiheta… Tue, 07/25/2023 - 11:30
Chemicals in Plastics - A Technical Report The report provides state of knowledge on chemicals in plastics and based on compelling scientific evidence calls for urgent action to address chemicals in plastics as part of the global action on plastic pollution. Overview of the report The “Chemicals in Plastics: A Technical Report” aims to inform the global community about the often-overlooked chemical-related issues of plastic pollution, particularly their adverse impacts on human health and the environment as well as on resource efficiency and circularity. Based on compelling scientific evidence, it further highlights the urgent need to act and outlines possible areas for action. It also aims to support the negotiation process to develop the instrument on plastic pollution based on the United Nations Environment Assembly resolution 5/14. The report outlines a set of credible and publicly available scientific studies and initiatives focused on chemicals in plastics and the science-policy interface. The report was developed by UNEP in cooperation with the Secretariat of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, with lead authors from the International Panel on Chemical Pollution, as well as contributions from key experts. Some key findings Based on the latest studies, more than 13,000 chemicals have been identified as associated with plastics and plastic production across a wide range of applications. Ten groups of chemicals (based on chemistry, uses, or sources) are identified as being of major concern due to their high toxicity and potential to migrate or be released from plastics. These include specific flame retardants, certain UV stabilizers, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), phthalates, bisphenols, alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates, biocides, certain metals and metalloids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and many other non-intentionally added substances (NIAS). Chemicals of concern have been found in plastics across a wide range of sectors and products value chains, including toys and other children's products, packaging (including food contact materials), electrical and electronic equipment, vehicles, synthetic textiles and related materials, furniture, building materials, medical devices, personal care and household products, and agriculture, aquaculture and fisheries. Chemicals of concern in plastics can impact our health and our environment: Extensive scientific data on the potential adverse impacts of about 7,000 substances associated with plastics show that more than 3,200 of them have one or more hazardous properties of concern. Women and children are particularly susceptible to these toxic chemicals. Exposures can have severe or long-lasting adverse effects on several key periods of a women’s life and may impact the next generations. Exposures during fetal development and in children can cause, for example, neurodevelopmental/neurobehavioral-related disorders. Men are not spared either, with the latest research documenting substantial detrimental effects on male fertility due to current combined exposures to hazardous chemicals, many of which are associated with plastics. Chemicals of concern can be released from plastic along its entire life cycle, during not only the extraction of raw materials, production of polymers and manufacture of plastic products, but also the use of plastic products and at the end of their life, particularly when waste is not properly managed, finding their way to the air, water and soils. Existing evidence calls for urgent action to address chemicals in plastics as part of the global action on plastic pollution, to protect human health and the environment, and transition to a toxic-free and sustainable circular economy. UNEP acknowledges the financial support from the Government of Norway, the Government of Sweden and the Government of Switzerland, for the development of the report. Read also: Chemicals are an integral part of plastics caroline.wood Wed, 05/03/2023 - 12:06
Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars in the Global South Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars in the Global South: A case of two steps forward, one step back as fuel economy improvements are reduced by increasing car power and weight This report looks at fuel economy assessments for passenger cars carried out in 109 countries. Of these, 64 developing and transitional countries were supported by UNEP to carry out fuel economy baseline studies, with some of these countries also assisted to develop fuel economy policies. An additional 45 countries included in the analysis have their fuel economy data either publicly available or available through the IEA, a GFEI partner – see Annex 1 for the full list of the countries analysed. The report is a first attempt at assessing the fuel economy in the Global South and has been carried out mainly through the financial support of the European Commission, FIA Foundation and UNEP. The report reviews cumulatively a total of 30 million light-duty vehicles, from 68 developing and transitional countries that were analysed from 2010 to 2019 from across different regions (64 countries supported by UNEP and an additional 4 countries supported by other GFEI partners). The remaining countries were included in the analysis for comparative reasons. A key finding from the analysis is that while the highest fuel economy progress was in high-income countries, the improvement is stagnating. In contrast, the rate of improvement in the Global South is intensifying. However, the fuel economy improvement has not fully translated into its potential benefits due to increased car weight, size and power, i.e., a case of two steps forward, one step back. Increased car weight, size and power together are a big step back for internal combustion engine vehicles, but higher efficiencies in the Global South and an accelerating transition to electric vehicles are two bold steps forward. george.maina@un.org Tue, 03/28/2023 - 17:07
Measuring Progress: Water-related ecosystems and the SDGs Today at the half-way point for the SDGs, UNEP is preparing to provide important intelligence on the progress we are making on the environmental dimension. The latest available data and estimates for 92 environment relevant SDG indicators tell us that the world is not on track to achieve the environmental dimension of the SDGs by 2030. However, there is some positive news. Global data availability increased to 59% in 2022, from 34% in 2018 and 42% in 2020. Although only 38% of the environment-related indicators indicate environmental improvement, this is a solid improvement compared to only 28% in 2020. These are only glimpses of the Measuring Progress: Water-related ecosystems and the SDGs report that informs on: (a) progress on the 92 environment-related SDG indicators, (b) interlinkages analysis between water-related indicators and other economic and social indicators, and (c) using big data and citizen science data to close the data gap. This report builds upon insights and lessons learned from the Measuring Progress: Environment and the SDGs, and Measuring Progress: Towards Achieving the Environmental Dimension of the SDGs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuhQlj5NcW4 salome.mbeyu Mon, 03/13/2023 - 14:11