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Phys.org

Faintest planet ever imaged from Earth found after more than 10 years of hide-and-seek

A team of astronomers has discovered a third planet orbiting the star Beta Pictoris. The new planet, Beta Pictoris d, is 100 times fainter than Beta Pictoris b—the first planet discovered in the same system—and is among the lightest exoplanets ever imaged from the ground. After spotting the planet using the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (ESO's VLT), the team found it had been hiding in archival observations spanning more than a decade.

Phys.org

Cave reveals influence of Antarctica and El Niño on extreme rainfall in the South of Brazil

A cave in the interior of Paraná state in Brazil contains a "climate archive" that enabled Brazilian researchers to reconstruct the history of extreme rainfall in Brazil's South Region over the past 7,500 years. Their findings revealed that the frequency of these events in the 20th century was among the highest in the historical record. They also identified two factors that influence this process: climate variability in Antarctica and El Niño events, both of which are present today.

Phys.org

A new stellar census strengthens the case for a 13.8-billion-year-old universe

Astronomers have used the ages of more than 155,000 stars in the Milky Way to independently estimate the age of the universe, and their findings may be good news for the standard cosmological model. The new research was reported in a paper submitted to the arXiv preprint server on July 1.

Phys.org

Hydrology professor develops simple outdoor flood alarm to save lives

In the aftermath of the devastating July 4, 2025, floods that took 139 lives in Central Texas, an associate professor at The University of Texas at Austin set out to make a new type of outdoor flood alarm: a low-tech, loud alarm that anyone could "set and forget"—just like a smoke detector.

Phys.org

Q&A: What does the 2026 World Cup reveal about modern sport?

It's the final week of the 2026 FIFA Men's World Cup. Over the last month, there have been plenty of highs and lows both on and off the pitch, from the overnight popularity of Cape Verde's goalkeeper Vozinha and the Norwegian row to the questionable use of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) and inconsistent enforcement of fouls by referees, leading concerns about match fixing.

Phys.org

Biodiversity boosts productivity most during extreme drought in drier grasslands

When extreme drought strikes, drier grasslands receive the greatest productivity benefit from biodiversity. By contrast, forests did not show the same context-dependent pattern under drought, according to a new global synthesis of 75 biodiversity experiments. Researchers from Yokohama National University published their results in Nature Ecology & Evolution on July 15.

Phys.org

The secret to hydrogen's quantum behavior lies in symmetry

As interest in clean hydrogen power grows, so does the need for safe storage and transportation materials. One such material, vanadium, is a leading candidate because it readily absorbs hydrogen and allows it to move through its crystal structure. However, hydrogen displays varying behavior in the presence of vanadium, with the underlying cause remaining unclear.

Phys.org

Face-to-face with ancient Rome: Exhibition in Hungary brings forgotten faces to life

A blacksmith, a stable boy, a soldier, a slave: The faces and stories of these and other residents of an ancient Roman city in modern Hungary have been brought to life in remarkable fidelity for a new exhibition in Budapest.

Phys.org

Elephants turn footsteps into messages through ground and skull vibrations

Elephants can communicate with other elephants across distances of up to five kilometers (3 miles) by producing sounds that travel through the air. However, they have a second way of sending signals: seismic waves traveling through the ground. These vibrations are transmitted from elephants' feet through their legs and ultimately through the bones of their skull directly into the inner ear. They can be perceived across distances of 10 kilometers (6 miles) or more. This is called bone-conduction hearing.

Phys.org

AI explored as tool for unraveling radicalization's complex drivers

Radicalization is a complex process, influenced by many variables that interact to varying degrees. AI scientist Mijke van den Hurk investigated whether artificial intelligence could help unravel this intricate interplay. She defended her Ph.D. thesis cum laude on June 29.

Phys.org

Nitrate in drinking water may be linked to preterm births in New Zealand

A new Aotearoa New Zealand study has found that nitrate concentrations in drinking water are associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, even at levels well below the current drinking water standard. The study, published in Environmental Research, analyzed 735,831 singleton births between 2008 and 2021, linking gestational age with estimated nitrate concentrations in drinking water at the mother's usual residence.

Phys.org

When words signal conflict: Measuring exclusionary nationalism in prewar Japan

Why do countries go to war? While economic, military and geopolitical factors are often part of the answer, researchers have also pointed to exclusionary nationalism—the belief that one's own nation is superior to others. One observable trace of such sentiment is language: As exclusionary attitudes intensify, people tend to favor words from their own language over foreign ones and even reject the "enemy's" words outright.

Phys.org

Low carbon dioxide levels improve microbial production of biodegradable plastic

In an innovative gas fermentation process, reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide was found to significantly improve microbial production of the biodegradable plastic poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate]. Researchers found that hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria grown under safe, nonflammable gas conditions enable more efficient production of biodegradable plastic at lower CO2 levels. The study provides a promising strategy for sustainable carbon recycling and efficient CO2 utilization.

Phys.org

Report details ecological characterization of peatlands and coastal lagoons in EU

A new synthesis report, titled "Ecological Characterisation of Peatlands and Coastal Lagoons in Europe," has been published to support the assessment, monitoring and restoration of European wetlands under EU environmental legislation. The report was prepared in response to a policy request submitted by the Directorate-General for Environment (DG ENV) to the European Commission's Knowledge Centre for Biodiversity (KCBD) and delivered by the Science Service for Biodiversity (SSBD), which is currently under development by the BioAgora project.

Phys.org

Are we missing the universe's 'noosignatures?'

Astrobiology has long been split into two camps: a search for "biosignatures" and a search for "intelligence." These look for very different things, but they also leave a huge gap in between. It took 3.5 billion years for us to go from the first microbe to a civilization that sent radio waves into the cosmos. Detecting life in between those stages is a relatively untouched aspect of astrobiology—which is also the focal point of a new paper, "Signs and Signatures of Intelligence," available on the arXiv preprint server, by astrobiologist Julia DeMarines.

Phys.org

More than 50% of Australian university assignments used AI. How should universities respond?

Last week, the U.S. software company Turnitin revealed 53.6% of Australian tertiary education submissions run through its system used some form of AI in the period from October 2025–April 2026. The company, whose plagiarism-detection technology is widely used in universities, also reported 10% of these submissions contained more than 80% AI-written content.

Phys.org

New technique for building ultra-thin material stacks promises quantum breakthrough

Scientists have unveiled a new fabrication technique for the ultra-clean manufacturing of 2D heterostructures—materials just a few atoms thick—that could be used in quantum technology and electronics. Experts from Southampton and Singapore say the method could be used to develop next-generation devices that accelerate research in quantum computing.

Phys.org

Astronomers uncover the earliest known signs of galaxy-building in action

Astronomers at Durham University have made a major advance in understanding how galaxies formed and evolved in the early universe. Using powerful new observations, the team discovered the most distant example ever found of a compact, star-forming structure at the heart of a galaxy, dating back more than 9 billion years.

Phys.org

Europe's last pagan state was already diverse: Medieval Vilnius drew migrants from Christian lands

Lithuania was famously the final pagan state in Europe. While the rest of the continent converted to Christianity, Lithuania remained officially pagan until Catholicism was adopted in AD 1387. Despite this, the extent to which Lithuania's population remained pagan or converted to Christianity was unclear, as was the extent of migration from the wider Christian world.

Phys.org

Ocean acidification emerging as a planetary signal linking today's carbon emissions to Earth's deep-time memory

When most people hear the phrase "ocean acidification," they think of coral reefs, shellfish or declining fisheries. Those concerns are real. But while working on our recent research, I found myself asking a different question: What if ocean acidification is telling us something much bigger than the health of marine ecosystems?

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