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Why one famous predator shrank two ways: Fossils reveal distinct growth strategies in early Permian Dimetrodon

The sail-backed predator Dimetrodon is one of the most iconic animals of the early Permian—long before dinosaurs dominated Earth. Most known species of this early relative of mammals reached large body sizes, sometimes up to 3 meters (10 feet) in length and 250 kilograms (550 pounds). Yet some species remained surprisingly small. A new study by an international research team led by Dr. Aurore Canoville of the Friedenstein Stiftung Gotha and the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin now shows that these small body sizes were achieved through very different growth strategies.

Medical Xpress

Finding where breast cancer has spread: AI scans medical records to spot metastatic disease

One of the first things I noticed while working with oncology data at Mayo Clinic was how difficult it can be to answer what seems like a simple question: Where did a patient's cancer spread?

Phys.org

Chemists uncover new metal carbene radical cross-coupling by merging two catalytic cycles

In an effort to open the door to new and useful products, chemistry researchers are on the continual lookout for processes that unlock important molecules and the bonds that can put them together. Such is the case for UC Santa Barbara chemistry professor Yang Yang, who builds his research around discovering novel biocatalytic methods, processes that facilitate chemical reactions with biocatalysts from evolved natural proteins.

Phys.org

Slaughter in the water: Can the Ramsar Convention protect African waterbirds?

The Ramsar Convention is the world's longest-standing international treaty for wetland and waterbird protection. Signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971, the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat has to date been signed by 172 countries, which have agreed to engage in "working together for wetland conservation and wise use" in more than 2,500 protected areas covering over 2.5 million square kilometers (965,000 square miles) around the world. However, the Ramsar Convention's measures are not legally binding, leaving open the possibility that many Ramsar sites may be akin to "paper parks"—protected in theory, but not in reality.

Phys.org

Asteroid or comet? Meteor or meteorite? How to identify and classify the rocks you see streaking through the sky

Have you ever been out at night and seen a streak of light blast across the sky and disappear? Ever wonder where that shooting star came from, or how it got to be in your sky?

Medical Xpress

Retinal photographs can help predict Alzheimer's disease risk factors

Often called "the window to the soul," the eyes may also offer clues about something less poetic but just as important: the health of the brain. A new study of tens of thousands of patients has revealed that cheap, simple and common photographs of the retina at the back of the eye can accurately predict many of the most common risk factors associated with developing Alzheimer's disease.

Medical Xpress

Developing clinical-grade intestinal organoids for regenerative medicine applications

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other intestinal disorders affect millions of people worldwide, often causing lasting damage to the lining of the gut. In severe cases, this damage can become irreversible, leaving surgery as one of the few remaining treatment options. In recent years, however, regenerative medicine has emerged as a promising alternative approach, raising the possibility that damaged tissues could one day be repaired using a patient's own cells. Central to this vision are tiny three-dimensional replicas of human organs known as "organoids," which are grown from stem cells and can mimic important features of real tissues.

NASA Science

NASA Social

The post NASA Social appeared first on NASA Science.

Phys.org

A new explanation for the mystery death of Botticelli's Birth of Venus model, Simonetta Vespucci

A paper on new research into the cause of death of Simonetta Vespucci, model for the world-renowned Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli, has been published by researchers at Queen Mary University of London, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma and the University of California in the journal Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism.

Medical Xpress

Taste and smell genes could help explain how diet influences disease risk

University of Queensland researchers have examined taste and smell genes to help determine whether specific foods cause or are linked to disease. People who like the taste and smell of onions are more likely to have lower blood pressure and risk of type 2 diabetes, they have found. The findings are published in the journal BMC Medicine.

Phys.org

Female chickadees seek cognitively skilled males for extra‑pair matings, study shows

Female chickadees living in monogamous mating systems will proactively seek out males that have better cognitive skills than their nest mate, according to new findings.

Phys.org

Subscription required? Newspaper paywalls scatter most readers but provide surprising value

Paywalls are essential to the financial sustainability of news organizations, yet little is known about how readers respond when they encounter one. Do they subscribe, continue reading free content, look for ways around the paywall or leave the site altogether?

Medical Xpress

Molecular clues in maternal blood may predict preterm birth

New research has found signs that may help researchers better understand why some babies are born early. Some signs are present as early as the first trimester.

NASA Science

NASA’s Webb Catches Exoplanet Getting Roasted

One well-done gas giant, coming right up! That’s the latest from researchers analyzing NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s observations of HD 80606 b, an exoplanet four times the mass of Jupiter with an extremely elliptical orbit that sweeps close by its Sun-like star. The research team is presenting their study and preliminary findings Tuesday at […] The post NASA’s Webb Catches Exoplanet Getting Roasted appeared first on NASA Science.

Phys.org

Darkness unlocks more ordered nanotubes in light-responsive molecular assemblies, study suggests

Life on Earth has evolved under an uninterrupted rhythm of day and night. While light provides the energy that powers countless molecular processes, periods of darkness often allow biological systems to reorganize, recover and transform that energy into functional outcomes. Inspired by this natural balance, an international team led by Javier Montenegro at the Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS) of the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela has demonstrated that the same principle can govern the behavior of simple synthetic molecular systems.

Medical Xpress

ADA: Orforglipron beneficial for reducing HbA1c in type 2 diabetes

Orforglipron is beneficial for blood glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes using metformin or taking insulin glargine, according to two studies published online June 8 in The Lancet and the JAMA to coincide with the annual meeting of the American Diabetes Association, held from June 5 to 8 in New Orleans.

Medical Xpress

AI-guided ultrasound improves blood–brain barrier opening procedures by predicting bubble collapse

A study led by Georgia Institute of Technology's Associate Professor Costas Arvanitis takes a major step toward safer and more effective treatment and diagnosis of brain diseases. His team's research, published in Advanced Science, shows how combining artificial intelligence (AI) with focused ultrasound can safely deliver therapies and improve diagnostic interventions to the brain.

Phys.org

High degree of quantum entanglement detected for first time in centimeter-sized crystal of strange metal

Many quantum effects can be observed only when a small number of particles is studied—individual atoms, molecules or photons, for example, carefully shielded from the rest of the world. But what about macroscopic objects, consisting of an unimaginably large number of particles? Can they, too, display effects that provide a direct glimpse into the quantum world?

Phys.org

Genetic barcoding unmasks hidden identities in the online amphibian trade

A new study published in the journal Nature Conservation reveals that threatened amphibian species are being inadvertently or illegally sold under incorrect names in digital marketplaces. Using DNA barcoding, researchers discovered that frogs traded online as a widely farmed species, the Chinese edible frogs (Hoplobatrachus chinensis), were actually Chinese spiny frogs (Quasipaa spinosa), a species classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN.

Phys.org

Third time's the charm for a row of faint galaxies without dark matter

A Yale-led team of astronomers has found a third galaxy devoid of dark matter—located alongside the other two in a formation that has never been seen before. Astronomers have followed a faint, cosmic trail of gas to a third galaxy that has no dark matter.

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