📑

학술

arXiv 등 학술 논문. CC-BY 라이선스로 자유 재사용 가능 — 출처표시 시 상업 사용 OK.

총 453건

Valuation effects of U.S. monetary policy tightening: The roles of foreign exposure

by Xin Fang, Xingyue Peng Starting in 2022, the United States launched a new round of monetary policy tightening, adopting a dual-track strategy of sustained interest rate hikes and balance sheet reduction. These measures have generated significant spillover effects on China’s stock market. Against this backdrop, this paper employs an event study and regression analysis to investigate the short-term market response of Chinese A-share listed firms to U.S. monetary tightening shocks. The analysis captures firms’ overseas exposure from three dimensions—trade, investment, and financial channels. Empirical results reveal that trade exposure is positively associated with cumulative abnormal returns (CARs), while both investment and financial exposures exert significant negative effects. The paper further discusses the differentiated moderating mechanisms of managerial resource allocation capacity and VC background across the three types of overseas exposures. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the influence of overseas exposure on market performance varies by firms’ technological intensity. Firms with high investment exposure—particularly those involved in foreign ownership, cross-border M&A, and greenfield investment—perform worse under policy shocks.

PLOS ONE

Implicit theories of leadership malleability: How beliefs about the malleability of leadership characteristics predict employee voice

by Ziyi Zhang, Michael P. Haselhuhn Despite the proliferation of research emphasizing the importance of growth mindsets in a wide range of domains, research examining these mindsets in the context of leadership has been overlooked. This research expands implicit theories to the leadership discipline and explores how beliefs about the fixedness or malleability of leadership characteristics (termed Implicit Theories of Leadership Malleability; ITLMs) affect employee voice. Through four studies, findings suggest that beliefs in the malleability of leadership characteristics predict employees’ voice behaviors in the workplace, and that this link is mediated by the perceived efficacy of voice. The relationship between ITLMs and voice is stronger when voice is directed toward growth and improvement (i.e., promotive voice) relative to voice directed toward avoiding failure (i.e., prohibitive voice).

PLOS ONE

Fluid sparing effects of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 and 2 antagonists during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock in rat models

by Elizabeth A. Cook, Ololade Ogunsina, Xianlong Gao, Matthias Majetschak We described previously that the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 (CCR1) and CCR2 antagonists BX471 and INCB3284 reduce fluid requirements during resuscitation after hemorrhage. Their effects, however, have not been directly compared with each other and consequences of simultaneous blockade of CCR1/2 are unknown. Here we utilized rat (Sprague-Dawley) models of hemorrhagic shock to compare fluid sparing properties when administered individually or in combination and to assess effects on shock tolerance. Series 1: rats were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 30 mmHg for 30 min, followed by blood pressure-directed fluid resuscitation for 6h. At t = 30 min, vehicle (n = 12), BX471 (0.5 µmol/kg, n = 9), INCB3284 (5 µmol/kg, n = 7), or BX471 (0.5 µmol/kg) plus INCB3284 (5 µmol/kg, n = 6) were injected. Series 2: rats were hemorrhaged to a MAP of 30 mmHg for 45 min, injected with vehicle (n = 8), BX471 (0.5 µmol/kg, n = 7) or INCB3284 (5 µmol/kg, n = 5), and observed until t = 225 min. Series 1: cumulative fluid requirements sharply increased between t = 220–300 min and averaged 108±20 mL/kg at t = 390 min with vehicle-treatment. After treatment with BX471, INCB3284 or both, fluid requirements remained constant and averaged 31±8 mL/kg, 51±12 mL/kg and 36.5±8 mL/kg, respectively, at t = 390 min (p 0.05 vs. vehicle). Measurements of a panel of systemic inflammation markers suggested that BX471 and INCB3284 attenuate release of TNFα and IL6, and enhance release of CCL5 during resuscitation. Series 2: BX471 and INCB3284 treatment did not affect survival times. Our findings confirm fluid sparing effects of BX471 and INCB3284 over 6h of resuscitation, suggest that both drugs exert comparable efficacy to reduce fluid requirements and modulate the systemic inflammatory response to hemorrhage and fluid resuscitation.

PLOS ONE

Evaluating Effectiveness of Sustainable Livelihood Development in Rural Communities along Mara River Basin, Tanzania: <i>What Works, What Doesn’t Work,</i> and <i>Why?</i>

by Edwin Estomii Ngowi, Angela M. Jesse The “Sustainable Livelihood Development of Rural Communities in Low Land Along the Mara River Basin” project, implemented by Mogabiri Farm Extension Centre (MFEC) in Tarime District, Tanzania, seeks to address persistent socio-economic challenges in rural communities by promoting climate adaptation, income diversification, and gender equality. Despite its ambitious objectives, the project operates within a complex socio-economic and cultural environment that can undermine its intended outcomes. Evaluating such projects requires a critical examination of both their successes and the barriers that persist. Using a mixed-methods approach, this evaluation combined quantitative data from 265 smallholder farmers (SHFs) and qualitative insights from focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and document reviews. In terms of “What Works?”, findings indicate that 75% of SHFs adopted climate-resilient practices (p p What Doesn’t Work?” revealed notable shortcomings, including limited market access (p = 0.03) and cultural barriers restricting full gender participation (p = 0.04). The persistence of these challenges, despite project successes, underscores the need for a deeper investigation into structural and contextual factors that constrain the effectiveness of such initiatives. Understanding “Why?” these barriers remain highlights the interplay of systemic market integration challenges and cultural resistance to gender equity. While the project has made commendable progress, addressing these underlying issues is crucial for achieving long-term success. Strengthening market linkages, expanding gender-sensitive interventions, and fostering sustainability through community ownership and local partnerships are recommended to enhance scalability and impact.

PLOS ONE

Metabolomics analysis identifies differential metabolites and potential diagnostic biomarkers among pediatric sepsis subtypes

by Sisi Zhuang, Lili Zuo Background Sepsis in children can be caused by a variety of pathogens, with bacteria and viruses being the most common. This study used metabolomics to identify differences in metabolic profiles and potential biomarkers among pathogens causing pediatric sepsis. Methods Serum metabolomic profiles of pediatric bacterial and viral sepsis were obtained from the MetaboLights database (MTBLS563). Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal PLS-DA were employed to explore metabolic distinctions. Differential expression metabolites (DEMs) were identified using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and variable importance in projection (VIP) scores. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) modeling, and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis were conducted to determine diagnostic metabolites and evaluate model performance. Results PCA and PLS-DA revealed distinct metabolic profiles among bacterial pediatric sepsis (PBID_PS), viral pediatric sepsis (VID_PS), and healthy controls. Fourteen differential metabolites were identified, primarily enriched in nitrogen metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and the metabolism of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate. Among them, choline, glutamate, and glutamine exhibited strong discriminatory ability between PBID_PS and VID_PS. XGBoost and SHAP analyses confirmed these metabolites as key diagnostic indicators, achieving excellent predictive performance and revealing distinct metabolic reprogramming underlying different etiologies of pediatric sepsis. Conclusion Metabolomic profiling revealed distinct metabolic signatures between bacterial and viral pediatric sepsis, with glutamate, glutamine, and choline serving as potential biomarkers.

PLOS ONE

Expression of Concern: Optimal sizing and power losses reduction of photovoltaic systems using PSO and LCL filters

by The PLOS One Editors

PLOS ONE

Expression of Concern: Assessment of the hazard risks on HVDC transmission networks due to lightning strikes and faults

by The PLOS One Editors

PLOS ONE

Editorial Note: Does an improved HDI trigger tourism outflows for China? New evidence from the ARDL cointegration approach

by The PLOS One Editors

PLOS ONE

Comparative effectiveness of horticultural therapy modalities for cognitive function and depressive symptoms in older adults with cognitive impairment: Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis

by Jingjing Yan, Weihua Li, Yingjie Shen, Qiyuan Lyu, Suwen Hu, Nan Xu Introduction Cognitive impairment in older adults is often accompanied by depressive symptoms, leading to reduced quality of life and increased risk of disability and mortality. Horticultural therapy has been increasingly used as a non-pharmacological intervention; however, its effectiveness may vary across different intervention modalities and delivery characteristics. Existing meta-analyses have primarily focused on overall effects and have not compared different horticultural therapy modalities. This study aims to evaluate and rank the comparative effectiveness of horticultural therapy delivered through different modalities using a network meta-analysis. Methods and analysis Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving older adults with cognitive impairment will be included. The intervention group will receive horticultural therapy in addition to routine care, while the control group will receive routine care alone. Eight databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database) will be searched from inception to May 2026. Interventions will be classified based on delivery characteristics, including environmental settings, cultivation substrates, and levels of participant engagement. Primary outcomes are cognitive function and depressive symptoms. Two reviewers will independently perform study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Pairwise meta-analysis and frequentist network meta-analysis will be conducted using the R (package “netmeta”), and treatment rankings will be estimated using surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD420251185714.

PLOS ONE

Gendered dimensions of sustainable land management: Evidences from farm size and training effects on willingness to pay in Ghana’s Volta Region

by James Dickson Fiagborlo, Mexoese Nyatuame, Stella Ahone Ntoko Land degradation is a critical threat to agricultural productivity in Ghana, reducing soil fertility and deepening rural poverty. Efforts to promote Sustainable Land Management (SLM) have increased, but adoption remains uneven, with persistent gender disparities in access to land, training, and decision-making. This study draws on survey data from 1,036 farming households across five municipalities in Ghana’s Volta Region to examine how SLM training and farm size affect farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for SLM practices, with a focus on gender differences. A Tobit regression model is used to estimate both main and interaction effects. The results support the study hypotheses. SLM training (β = 0.164, p ) significantly increases WTP, with stronger effects among male farmers, confirming H1. Farm size (β = 0.058, p ) is positively associated with WTP, as larger landholdings increase farmers’ investment capacity, supporting H2. Gender differences are evident: male farmers show higher baseline WTP, while female farmers show large increases in WTP as access to land and SLM training improves, partially supporting H3 and suggesting that disparities are driven mainly by structural constraints. The three-way interaction between SLM training, gender, and farm size is positive and significant (β = 0.375, p ), confirming H4 and indicating that the effect of SLM training on WTP depends jointly on gender and resource endowment. Overall, the findings suggest that gender is central to understanding investment decisions in SLM and highlight the need for gender-responsive policies that address inequalities in access to land, training, and productive resources.

PLOS ONE

TL-DETR: Efficient transmission line defect detection for edge deployment

by Yong Zhang, Runming Zhao Visual inspection is critical for power system maintenance, yet deploying high-performance detection models on resource-constrained edge devices remains challenging due to complex background interference, extreme defect scale variations, and high computational overhead. This paper presents TL-DETR, a specialized detection framework that integrates multi-scale feature enhancement and dynamic sparse attention to achieve accurate and efficient transmission line defect detection for edge deployment. First, a ResNet-50-TL backbone network incorporating a multi-scale feature enhancement module is designed to preserve fine-grained features. Subsequently, the neck network integrates Attention-based Intra-scale Bi-level Routing and a channel shuffle mechanism to precisely focus on critical defects and reduce parameter count. Furthermore, a multi-scale attention mechanism is introduced to accomplish pixel-level recalibration through cross-spatial learning. Experiments on the CableInspect-ADs dataset demonstrate that the precision and mAP50 of TL-DETR reach 91.4% and 86.0%, respectively, representing improvements of 3.2% and 2.9% over the baseline RT-DETR. These results indicate that the model effectively balances accuracy and computational efficiency, demonstrating theoretical viability for practical edge deployment. Generalization experiments confirm that the model exhibits excellent generalization capabilities for detecting insulators, vibration dampers, and bolts, aligning closely with the engineering requirements for precise perception of minute defects.

PLOS ONE

Dressing-induced hemodynamic instability in patients with heart failure: Implications for nursing care

by Tae Watanabe, Kimiko Tagawa, Yu Kimura, Toshiro Kitagawa, Kiyokazu Sekikawa, Yukiko Nakano, Sanae Oriyama Background Heart failure (HF) restricts activities of daily living, impacting prognosis and quality of life. Dressing requires sustained upper-limb movements, postural transitions, and fine-motor tasks that may impose cardiovascular and autonomic demands, potentially informing on physiological tolerance during daily activities. Objective This observational study compared hemodynamic, autonomic, subjective, and upper-limb sensor count (ULSC) responses during dressing across HF clinical courses to characterize recovery dynamics during daily activities and identify nursing support requirements. Methods We compared healthy controls (HCs; n = 15), de novo HF (NO-HF; n = 12), and recurrent HF (R-HF; n = 12) groups. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), peripheral oxygen saturation, HR variability, Borg scale score, ULSC, dressing duration, and HR recovery (HRR) were measured at rest, during dressing, and after 20 min of recovery. Linear mixed-effects models tested group, time, and interaction. Pairwise comparisons were performed via Bonferroni adjustment. Results HR increased during and immediately post-dressing across groups, with NO-HF exhibiting higher HR than R-HF. HRR varied among groups (HC vs. NO-HF: P = 0.108; HC vs. R-HF: P < 0.0001; NO-HF vs. R-HF: P = 0.026). SBP displayed a group effect (P = 0.034). Peak HR responses tended to occur immediately post-dressing in HC and NO-HF, whereas R-HF descriptively showed a delayed peak around 5 min. No significant group × time interaction was observed. ULSC showed no group differences after dressing time and body size adjustments. Patients with HF had higher Borg scores than did HCs (NO-HF, P < 0.001; R-HF, P = 0.028). Conclusions Despite being low-intensity, dressing was associated with measurable physiological and subjective HF responses. R-HF trended toward slower HR recovery; NO-HF demonstrated consistently higher HR levels and perceived exertion. Monitoring recovery responses and supporting pacing and symptom self-monitoring during daily activities may be important in HF nursing care.

PLOS ONE

Convergence of alimentary air inflation and adult non-feeding in insects, and possible adaptive functions

by Hollister W. Herhold, Steven R. Davis, Rebecca Jean A. Millena, Anna Eichert, Amanda Markee, David A. Grimaldi Among the many diverse traits of insects, the most speciose and successful terrestrial animals, is an incredible range of lifespans. While some are quite long-lived, such as cicadas (years as larvae) or termite queens (decades as adults), many insects, such as mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera), have exceedingly short adult lifespans that serve essentially just for mating and selecting oviposition sites, foregoing feeding to reproduce as quickly as possible. This behavior is correlated with mouthparts that are highly reduced or even absent, and the alimentary system is converted into an air-filled space, possibly non-functional for digestion. The order-wide phenomenon of the co-opted gut is found in only one other group, the twisted-wing parasites (Insecta: Strepsiptera). Here, we present micro-CT scans and volume measurements (body and alimentary air) that reveal a previously undocumented inflated alimentary system in non-feeding species from five additional insect orders: Plecoptera, Embioptera, Megaloptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera. The association between reduction or complete loss of adult feeding and a large volume of air in the gut is statistically highly significant. The reduction of mouthparts in these taxa reflects non-feeding in adults, indicating that convergence of this trait with alimentary inflation probably has adaptive functions. We discuss several, nonexclusive ways in which an inflated alimentary system can be adaptive for adult insects.

PLOS ONE

Enhancing nurses’ clinical decision-making confidence through dual pathways of self-directed learning: A structural equation model

by Liya Wu, Mengyu Zhang, Juan Ye Background Nurses operate in complex clinical environments demanding autonomous judgment, emotional regulation, and interpersonal collaboration, yet the mechanisms through which psychological and learning resources support clinical decision-making confidence remain inadequately characterized. Objective To examine the dual mediating roles of cognitive and relational self-directed learning in the relationship between emotional intelligence and clinical decision-making confidence among registered nurses. Design Cross-sectional survey study. Setting Multiple medical schools and affiliated teaching hospitals across Eastern, Central, and Western China. Participants 1,478 registered nurses recruited via convenience sampling between June and August 2025. Methods Emotional intelligence was assessed using the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, self-directed learning via a reorganized two-factor version of the Self-Rating Scale of Self-Directed Learning, and clinical decision-making confidence via the Clinical Decision-Making Self-Confidence Scale. Structural equation modeling with bias-corrected bootstrapping (5,000 resamples) tested the mediation hypotheses. Results Emotional intelligence significantly predicted both cognitive self-directed learning (β = 0.643, p p < 0.01), as well as clinical decision-making confidence in both models. In the model with cognitive self-directed learning as mediator, the indirect effect was 0.339 (95% CI [0.273, 0.409]), representing 71.8% of the total standardized effect. In the separate model with relational self-directed learning as mediator, the indirect effect was 0.241 (95% CI [0.185, 0.302]), representing 50.8% of the total standardized effect. Both pathways were statistically significant. Conclusions Both cognitive and relational self-directed learning are significant mediators of the relationship between emotional intelligence and clinical decision-making confidence. These findings support integrating emotional intelligence training with self-directed learning development in nursing education programs.

PLOS ONE

From means to meaningful: undertaking cluster analysis to develop health literacy profiles of people in Australian prisons

by Scott W. Gill, Christina Cheng, Julia Bowman, Caron Shaw, Richard H. Osborne Prison populations are diverse, experience substantial vulnerabilities and commonly have poor health outcomes. Cluster analysis of Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) data provides an opportunity to account for the prison population’s diversity and generate fit-for-purpose intervention ideas for the prison context. This mixed-methods study aimed to undertake cluster analysis to explore the diverse health literacy profiles of people in the New South Wales (NSW), Australia, prison setting, and to co-design a series of vignettes that represent people in prison. Cluster analysis using Ward’s method was applied to HLQ data (n = 471) to identify health literacy profiles of people in NSW prisons. Semi-structured interviews with people in prison were conducted to collect in-depth personal experiences of prison health services access and use. Interview data were combined with cluster analysis results to co-design vignettes with various stakeholders. A 14-cluster solution was identified as the optimal solution for the sample as a whole, whereas a 9-cluster solution was identified for the sample of people who self-identified as Aboriginal. Qualitative data from 10 semi-structured interviews were combined with the health literacy profiles identified in the cluster analyses. A total of 23 vignettes were co-designed with stakeholders (n = 34) to represent the voices of a typical person with lived experience across each cluster. Cluster analysis has unmasked previously unforeseen variations and enabled us to move from merely reporting means to gaining meaningful insights into the health literacy profiles of people in prisons. Our findings are important because they show that using the mean or proxies alone does not capture population variation, which may inadvertently exclude or disadvantage population subgroups. The co-designed vignettes are expected to stimulate discussions to generate localised, fit-for-purpose health literacy-informed interventions to address health inequities for prison populations in NSW.

PLOS ONE

Screening for hypertension in a public dental clinic: A single-centre cross-sectional study in Australia

by Shalinie King, Simone Marschner, Haeri Min, Alice Gibson, Niamh Chapman, Clara K. Chow Background Hypertension affects over 1.3 million people globally and markers of poor oral health have been associated with hypertension. Objective This study aimed to determine hypertension awareness, treatment and control, among adults attending a public dental clinic, and explore age-related differences between younger (< 65 years) and older adults (≥ 65 years) including associations between markers of oral health and hypertension. Method This cross-sectional study recruited adults ≥18 years from an Australian public dental clinic between November 2022 and May 2023. Two blood pressure readings were obtained using an automated device and the average used for analyses. Demographic, oral health and medical history details were obtained via survey. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, or being aware (self-reported diagnosis), and treated with anti-hypertensive medication. Results Participants (n = 302) were middle aged (mean 59.9 ± 17.5 years, 51.5% ≥ 65 years, 60.7% female), one third had significant tooth loss (<20 teeth), half required treatment for periodontitis and 52.0% had hypertension (95% CI: 46.2%, 57.7%). Of those with hypertension (n = 157), 82.7% were aware, 76.9% were treated for hypertension, and 56.6% of those treated had controlled blood pressure. Although older adults were more likely than younger adults to have hypertension (74.2% vs 28.1%), younger adults were less likely to be aware and treated (70.7% vs 86.8%, 56.1% vs 86.8%, respectively). Markers of poor oral health were not independently associated with hypertension. Conclusions In this population with a high burden of oral disease, hypertension was common highlighting the importance of opportunistic blood pressure assessment. Dental settings may offer an additional point of contact for identifying individuals with undiagnosed or uncontrolled hypertension, particularly among younger adults with lower awareness.

PLOS ONE

Associations between visual-motor integration, pencil grip patterns, and holistic academic performance among school children

by Naufal Nordin, Woi Pui Juan, Nurul Umira Samsudin Background Visual-motor integration (VMI) is a key developmental skill that supports children’s daily classroom tasks and academic readiness. This study examined the associations between VMI components, pencil grip patterns, and holistic academic performance among Malaysian primary school children. Materials and Methods A total of 148 children (mean age = 9.94 ± 1.78 years) from three urban schools in Kuala Lumpur were assessed. VMI, visual perception, and motor coordination were measured using the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery-VMI). Pencil grip patterns were classified into five types using standardized photographs taken during the Beery-VMI assessment. Academic mastery in Malay Language, English, Science, and Mathematics was obtained from the Classroom-Based Assessment (CBA) system, which reflects holistic and continuous teacher-based evaluations. Results Beery-VMI raw scores were significantly associated with CBA academic performance across all four core subjects, with the strongest correlations observed for Science (ρ = 0.332, p < 0.001) and Mathematics (ρ = 0.284, p < 0.001). Beery-VMI standard scores remained significantly associated only with Science (ρ = 0.305, p < 0.001) and Mathematics (ρ = 0.219, p = 0.008). This pattern suggests that raw scores reflect both VMI performance and age-related developmental factors relevant to academic performance, whereas standard scores provide age-adjusted estimates. Age significantly predicted VMI standard scores, accounting for 14% of the variance (R² = 0.140), with older children in this sample showing lower age-adjusted scores. Pencil grip differences were significant for VMI raw scores (χ² = 9.74, p = 0.045), with the lateral quadrupod grip demonstrating the highest performance. Conclusion VMI was associated with academic mastery, especially in Science and Mathematics. Raw scores may reflect shared development, while standardized scores suggest a more specific age-independent link between VMI and academic performance. Pencil grip patterns showed limited association with VMI outcomes and may not strongly indicate visual-motor performance.

PLOS ONE

Correction: Caring is not always sharing: A scoping review exploring how COVID-19 containment measures have impacted unpaid care work and mental health among women and men in Europe

by Hande Gencer, Regina Brunnett, Tobias Staiger, Hürrem Tezcan-Güntekin, Kathleen Pöge

PLOS ONE

Understanding mechanistic responses underlying diurnal photoprotection and photosynthetic plasticity among cacao genotypes under natural amazonian field conditions

by Juan Carlos Suárez, José Iván Vanegas, Fabricio Eulalio Leite Carvalho Cacao (Theobroma cacao) is a key tree species for chocolate production and a vital income source for millions, especially in Africa and South America. In the Amazon, physiological studies on cocoa have focused on abiotic factors, but the comparison of clones in these environments is still in its infancy.This study examined the physiological responses of cacao clones to the typical diurnal conditions of the Colombian Amazon. We measured environmental, plant health, and chlorophyll fluorescence variables in 18 cacao clones using MultispeQ and Imaging-PAM throughout the day; we estimated Fv/Fm, ΦII, ETR, and NPQt, calculated SLA, and quantified photosynthetic pigments. Significant phenotypic differences were identified in photosynthetic efficiency and morphology. High specific leaf area (SLA), linked to efficient energy capture and reduced transpiration, was observed in LUKER-40 and FGH-4. Chlorophyll a fluorescence approach, revealed differences in photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and excess energy dissipation. Genotypes like FGH-4, FSV-41, and IMC-67 showed high Fv/Fm and electron transport rates (ETR) (p t) for heat dissipation. LUKER-50, with high carotenoid content, demonstrated resilience to oxidative stress. Variations in chlorophyll content affected light capture efficiency, with ICS-60 excelling in photosynthesis under high temperatures and excess light at noon. Leaf temperature regulation emerged as critical, with genotypes like LUKER-40 maintaining cooler leaves to avoid potential thermal damage. These traits highlight the acclimation of genotypes to high light and heat in the Colombian Amazon, with LUKER-50, ICS-95, FLE-3, and LUKER-40 identified as promising candidates for agroforestry in this region.

PLOS ONE

Development and validation of a scale for the psychological determinants of dietary management behavior in hemodialysis patients during dialysis

by Taofeng Wu, Yingying Jiang, Hongyun Yan, Jingfang Chen, Xianrong Xu, Xingxing Shen Objective This study aimed to develop and validate a scale for psychological determinants and behavioral performance of diet management behaviors in hemodialysis patients during dialysis sessions. Methods A preliminary item pool was generated based on the theory of planned behavior and evidence synthesis. The Delphi method, involving 19 experts, was employed to refine the scale content, resulting in an initial draft. Participants were recruited from four hemodialysis centers in Suzhou between 01/04/2024 and 31/05/2024. This draft was then administered to 418 hemodialysis patients from these centers. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 13.0 for item analysis, reliability, and validity assessment. Results The response rate across two Delphi rounds was 100%. The expert authority coefficient was 0.88, and Kendall’s concordance coefficient for the second round was 0.245 (P < 0.05). The final scale comprised three dimensions (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) with 21 items. The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.964, with subscale α coefficients ranging from 0.918 to 0.938. Split-half reliability was 0.914, and test-retest reliability was 0.657. The scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.86, and item-level CVI (I-CVI) ranged from 0.800 to 1.000. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors, accounting for 77.447% of the cumulative variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable marginal model fit after residual error modification. Conclusion The developed Diet Management Behavior Scale for Hemodialysis Patients demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity. Given the limitations of regional sampling and moderate expert consensus, the scale is preliminarily suitable for assessing psychological determinants of diet management and behavioral status during dialysis.

← 이전3 / 23다음 →

PLOS ONE