오픈뉴스백과
세계의 오늘한국의 오늘피드
뉴스
전체 뉴스진영별 의제회사정부과학학술용어사전뉴스로 배우기
커뮤니티제보
...

오픈뉴스백과

집단지성 기반 뉴스 검증 플랫폼. 다양한 시각으로 뉴스를 이해합니다.

후원하기

서비스

세계의 오늘한국의 오늘뉴스정부과학학술용어사전소개

법적 고지

개인정보처리방침이용약관콘텐츠 이용 안내

문의

이메일 문의

본 플랫폼에서 제공하는 뉴스 콘텐츠의 저작권은 각 언론사에 있으며, 무단 복제 및 배포를 금지합니다.

RSS 피드를 통해 수집된 콘텐츠는 각 원저작자의 라이선스 조건을 따릅니다. 오픈 라이선스(CC-BY 등) 콘텐츠는 해당 라이선스에 따라 출처를 표기합니다.

오픈뉴스백과는 뉴스 집계 및 검증 플랫폼으로, 개별 기사의 내용에 대한 책임은 해당 언론사에 있습니다.

이용자가 작성한 피드백, 팩트체크, 독자 제보 등의 콘텐츠에 대한 책임은 해당 작성자에게 있습니다.

콘텐츠 제거 요청: contact@opennewspedia.com

© 2026 오픈뉴스백과 (OpenNewsPedia). All rights reserved.

📑

학술

arXiv 등 학술 논문. CC-BY 라이선스로 자유 재사용 가능 — 출처표시 시 상업 사용 OK.

총 393건

분야

전체arXiv CS.AI6,015arXiv Math5,804arXiv Physics2,047arXiv Stat976PLOS ONE393arXiv Q-Bio285arXiv Econ283eLife100PLOS Global Public Health78PLOS Biology52PLOS Medicine42
PLOS ONE

Housing ableism in finding and maintaining housing among people with disabilities: A scoping review

by Sally Lindsay, Gözde Öncil, Sarah Leo Background Access to safe and affordable housing is a human right; however, people with disabilities are more likely to live in inaccessible, insecure, unaffordable and poor-quality housing than people without disabilities. They often experience many forms of disability-related discrimination (ableism) in finding and maintaining adequate housing. The objective of our study was to synthesize the literature on housing ableism among people with disabilities seeking or maintaining independent housing. Methods We conducted a scoping review that involved searching six international databases that identified 10,082 studies, 52 of which met our inclusion criteria involving empirical research, without language or date restrictions, that had a sample focusing on people with disabilities, that had findings related to independent housing and ableism. We followed the best practices of scoping review methodology and applied an inductive data analysis approach. Results The studies included in the review involved 13 countries over a 47-year period. Our review identified the following findings: (1) ableism in finding and maintaining appropriate housing through renting and ownership (i.e., lack of suitable housing, barriers to accessing or viewing properties, affordability); (2) factors affecting housing ableism (i.e., lack of knowledge about the needs of people with disabilities, and intersectional factors (i.e., socio-economic status, type of disability, housing type, systemic and policy barriers); and (3) the impact of housing ableism (i.e., challenges with neighborhood environment). Conclusions Our findings highlight the extent to which people with disabilities encounter multiple forms of discrimination in trying to find suitable housing. Our review emphasizes the urgent need to reduce the ableism that people with disabilities by addressing structural barriers and prioritizing housing accessibility. Policy reforms, increased attention and investment towards accessible housing are needed for a more inclusive housing sector.

PLOS ONE

Quality of follow-up care for premature infants in primary health care: A cross-sectional study from nurses' perspective in Paraná state, Brazil

by Ivaneliza Simionato de Assis, Geisyelli Alderete, Regiane Bezerra Campos, Marcos Augusto Moraes Arcoverde, Debora Falleiros de Mello, Adriana Zilly, Rosane Meire Munhak Silva Background Prematurity affects approximately 10% of births worldwide and represents the leading cause of mortality in children under five years of age. The considerable variability in follow-up programs for premature infants internationally indicates the need for standardized protocols. In Brazil, the discontinuity of follow-up care for children after hospital discharge constitutes a significant weakness, particularly in regions with socioeconomic disparities. Despite the essential role of Primary Health Care, there are gaps in evaluating the quality of follow-up care for premature infants from the perspective of health professionals, particularly nurses. This study aimed to the perceived quality of follow-up care for premature children in Primary Health Care from the perspective of nurses working in Paraná state, Brazil. Methods Cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study with a quantitative approach, conducted with 463 nurses working in Primary Health Care between 2024 and 2025 in Brazil. The “Qualipreterm” instrument was used to evaluate five quality domains: hospital discharge planning, home follow-up, child health follow-up, integration between services, and family support. Descriptive analyses, chi-square tests, and spatial distribution description through thematic maps were performed. Results From the nurses’ perspective, Domain I (hospital discharge planning) showed 58.9% of evaluations classified as inadequate. Domain V (family support) demonstrated the best performance, with 58.5% of evaluations classified as good and 3.5% as excellent. Domains II, III, and IV showed a predominance of regular classification (56.4% to 59.8%). Regional analysis revealed heterogeneity among the macro-regions studied, with some showing greater consistency in quality while others faced greater challenges in hospital discharge planning. Conclusions The study reveals weaknesses in the perceived quality of follow-up care for premature infants in Primary Health Care, from the perspective of nurses, indicating the need for implementation of standardized protocols that promote longitudinal care, increased coordination strategies between healthcare network service points, and strengthening of continuing education for healthcare professionals.

PLOS ONE

Human α-galactosidase A is stimulated by folic acid supplementation – possible implications in Fabry disease management

by Sabiha Khatoon, Mohammed A. Junaid Fabry disease (FD) in an inherited lysosomal storage disorder with severe lifelong issues if not therapeutically managed. The disorder results from mutation in the gene GLA causing the deficiency of lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A (AGLA) leading to accumulation of specific glycosphingolipids in several organs. Individuals suffering from FD are treated with either an enzyme replacement therapy providing injected recombinant enzyme or small molecule chaperone therapy through a specific inhibitor, 1-deoxygalactonojiromycin (DGJ), which allows partial folding of functional enzyme that is retained as misfolded protein consequent to mutations. These therapies suggest that any incremental increase in AGLA activity will be of benefit to individuals with FD. This study is aimed at providing evidence that the synthetic B-complex vitamin, folic acid (FA) necessary in preventing neural tube defects in babies, can significantly stimulate the expression and enzyme activity in human lymphoblastoid cells as well as recombinant AGLA, in a concentration dependent manner. The extent of FA mediated AGLA stimulation was similar in cells from male or female subjects. In the recombinant enzyme, the stimulation follows mixed type with increase in Vmax but without any effect on Km. We did not find any evidence of cytosine methylation in one CpG island in the GLA gene. FA also stimulated and protected AGLA activity that was inhibited with specific inhibitor, DGJ. FA was able to further stimulate DGJ mediated restoration of AGLA activity in lymphoblastoid cells from individual with FD. Such FA mediated stimulation of AGLA activity may offer benefit to individuals with FD.

PLOS ONE

Muscimol injection into the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus impairs tactile reward-seeking behavior but preserves affective vocalization in male rats

by Rie Shimoju Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are a useful tool for evaluating emotion and motivation in rodents. Rhythmic stroking in rats induces positive affective 50-kHz USVs and reward-seeking behavior. This response involves the dorsal column tract as the ascending pathway; however, supraspinal mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (VPL), which receives somatosensory inputs from the spinal cord via the dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway, might be involved in positive 50-kHz USV production and motivated tactile reward-induced behavior. To test the hypothesis, we used young adult male rats before and after inactivation of the VPL with bilateral infusion of muscimol, a potent γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A type receptor agonist. We measured 50-kHz USVs, approach latency, and spontaneous behaviors pre- and post-muscimol injection, focusing on two emotional (during rhythmic stroking and receiving reward) and motivational (after rhythmic stroking and reward-seeking) conditions. Increased GABAergic inhibition in the VPL completely impaired approach behavior without causing obvious sensory and motor dysfunctions, but only slightly affected 50-kHz USVs. The present data indicate that the GABAergic system in the VPL is substantially involved in execution of reward-seeking behavior but not in the 50-kHz USVs induced by tactile rewards.

PLOS ONE

Predictors of infant birth weights: Role of the Lebanese mediterranean diet, psychosocial factors and maternal health status

by Paula Hage Boutros, Jessy El Hayek Fares, Maya Bassil, Kristine G. Koski Background The Mediterranean diet (MeD) is associated with favorable pregnancy outcomes, but contribution of this dietary pattern during pregnancy with small (SGA), appropriate (AGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age births is limited. Methods For this prospective national cohort study 618 Lebanese pregnant women were recruited. Infant birth weight was categorized into SGA (n = 73), AGA (n = 447) and LGA (n = 98). Modifiers of birth weight outcomes included dietary adherence to Lebanese MeD (LMeD), trimestral and total weight gain, MAP (mean arterial pressure) and PP (pulse pressure) and psychosocial, socio-demographic, and maternal health factors. Descriptive statistics compared differences among SGA, AGA, and LGA infants. Hierarchical linear regression modeling identified determinants for birth weight categories and hierarchical logistic regression modeling was used to identify factors associated with increasing the likelihood of SGA or LGA compared to AGA births. Results Adherence to the LMeD was associated with AGA birth weights where intakes of dairy products were associated with lower normal AGA births and dried fruits with higher normal AGA births. Adherence to LMeD did not enter models for SGA or LGA but intakes of specific foods and maternal health status indicators did. For SGA infants, appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) mitigated against a low birth weight whereas higher burghul intake in T1 and higher MAP in T2 and T3 were linked to increased SGA risk. For LGA infants, greater parity, previous macrosomia and poor sleep quality in T3, and higher intake of olive oil in T2 were associated with higher risk of a LGA birth whereas higher PP in T1 decreased the odds of a LGA birth. Conclusions Screening for family history of diabetes and macrosomia, targeting trimester-specific gestational weight gain, monitoring maternal blood pressure, pulse pressure, and sleep quality, and promoting adherence to the Lebanese Mediterranean diet are important strategies to optimize infant birth outcomes.

PLOS ONE

Burden and temporal trends of female-specific cancers in China: A systematic analysis of the 2023 global burden of disease study

by Shaoxing Chen, Xiaohuang Yang, Shaona Jiang, Yina Lin, Leijuan Huang, Huiqin Chen, Jinzhu Zheng, Yuanfu Xie, Zhixing Kuang Background Female-specific cancers represent a substantial public health challenge in China. This study was designed to evaluate temporal trends and generate future projections of the burden associated with female-specific cancers in China from 1990 to 2023. Methods Data on incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to breast, cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers among women in China were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 database. Joinpoint analysis was used to assess temporal trends, whereas decomposition analysis was applied to quantify the contributions of epidemiological changes, population growth, and ageing to changes in disease burden; a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was further used to project trends in disease burden over the next 15 years. Results Between 1990 and 2023, all age-standardized rates (ASRs) of female-specific cancers in China declined except for the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of breast cancer, which increased from 24.54 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 19.7–30.79) per 100,000 in 1990 to 31.62 (95% UI: 25.4–38.22) per 100,000 in 2023. The absolute disease burden increased, with 342,725 (95% UI: 270,872–413,171) new breast cancer cases in 2023, representing a 187.24% increase. In contrast, the numbers of new cases of cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers were 124,686 (95% UI: 77,638–165,722), 74,990 (95% UI: 53,630–119,885), and 38,969 (95% UI: 31,914–46,805), respectively, with corresponding increases of 43.63%, 82.97%, and 61.76%. Population aging and growth were the main contributing factors, and the BAPC model projected that the absolute disease burden of all four female-specific cancers would continue to increase in the future. Conclusion The burden of female-specific cancers in China remains substantial, underscoring the urgent need to develop targeted prevention and intervention strategies to mitigate this burden.

PLOS ONE

Correction: The association between platelet-to-albumin ratio and diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A cross-sectional study in the Chinese population

by Wenting Deng, Siqi Zhang, Yueyang Zhang, Qin Wan

PLOS ONE

Microbiome analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens from immunocompromised patients with pneumonia compared to those from healthy volunteers

by Zareen Fatima, Matthew D. Surette, Sarah Marttala, Daniela Leto, Padman Jayaratne, Fiona Smaill, Marek Smieja, Mohammad Rubayet Hasan Background Metagenomic sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens is increasingly being applied for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections, offering agnostic pathogen detection and a faster turnaround time. While metagenomic sequencing of BAL specimens can reveal a wide range of organisms, their clinical relevance is often unclear because of the challenge of distinguishing true pathogens from background taxa. This study compared the BAL microbiomes of immunocompromised patients with pneumonia to those of healthy volunteers, with the aim of assisting clinical interpretation of metagenomics-based approaches for diagnosing pneumonia in this patient population. Methods BAL specimens from healthy control volunteers (n = 20) were collected during a COVID-19 vaccine trial, while residual BAL specimens from immunocompromised patients (n = 52) were obtained from the Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program (HRLMP) after standard culture and PCR testing. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed using Nanopore technology. Reads were classified using Minimap2 in EPI2ME, and microbiome analyses were conducted using the vegan and MaAsLin2 packages in RStudio (v2026.1.1.403). Results Immunocompromised patients showed significantly lower bacterial read counts and reduced alpha diversity (p Prevotella, Veillonella, Selenomonas, and Fusobacterium. Beta diversity analyses using Bray–Curtis and Jaccard distance metrics demonstrated significant compositional separation between cohorts (PERMANOVA p = 0.001), with tight clustering of healthy controls and marked dispersion among immunocompromised samples. Differential abundance analysis identified 96 significantly altered species (q Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterococcus spp., Mycoplasma spp., and Nocardia spp. Conclusion Immunocompromised patients demonstrated a markedly disrupted and heterogeneous BAL microbiome, characterized by a loss of anaerobic commensals and an enrichment of potentially pathogenic taxa. This study provides a characterization of the dysbiotic state in immunocompromised pneumonia, offering a baseline reference for future longitudinal studies and clinical trials aimed at improving the interpretation of metagenomic findings in this patient population.

PLOS ONE

Correction: ESG rating disagreement and bank loan availability: Evidence from China

by Jidong Qin, Meijia Wang

PLOS ONE

Correction: Family support after a family member’s suicide: A qualitative exploration

by The PLOS One Staff

PLOS ONE

Study on the safety evaluation of latent tuberculosis treatment in high‑risk groups for tuberculosis development: Study protocol for a multi‑center prospective observational cohort study in Korea (STEP-TB)

by Yunkyeong Hwang, Yeonhee Park, Hyung Woo Kim, Seo Yun Jeong, Yoolwon Jeong, Helen R. Stagg, Ju Sang Kim, Jinsoo Min Background Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is essential for tuberculosis elimination; however, evidence on its safety and feasibility in medically complex, high-risk populations is limited. Concerns regarding adverse events frequently hinder treatment initiation and completion in routine clinical practice. Objectives The Safety of Preventive Treatment in People at Risk for Tuberculosis (STEP-TB) study aims to generate real-world evidence on the safety of TPT among individuals at high risk of developing active tuberculosis disease and to identify factors associated with adverse events, treatment initiation, adherence, and completion. Methods STEP-TB is a multicenter, prospective observational cohort study conducted at four university-affiliated hospitals in the Republic of Korea. Adults aged ≥19 years who are eligible for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) testing or TPT according to national guidelines will be enrolled, including individuals with chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive conditions, malignancy, or occupational risk. LTBI testing will be performed using interferon-gamma release assays, and TPT regimens will follow national guidelines. Participants initiating TPT will be followed for up to 12 months from treatment initiation. Those with negative LTBI results or without TPT will be also followed for up to 12 months. Adverse events, treatment adherence, and completion will be systematically assessed. Blood samples, including volumetric absorptive microsampling, will be collected in a subset of participants for pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic analyses. Outcomes The primary outcome is the occurrence of adverse events during TPT. Secondary outcomes include TPT completion rates, predictors of non-initiation and discontinuation, and progression to active TB. Conclusion STEP-TB will provide condition-specific, real-world evidence on TPT safety and implementation, informing clinical decision-making, patient-centered care, and national TB control policies to support the safe expansion of LTBI treatment strategies in Korea.CRIS Registration Number: KCT0011063

PLOS ONE

Etiology of severe acute respiratory infections among adults in northern Thailand using multiplex PCR: A post-COVID-19 surveillance study (2023–2024)

by Nang Kham-Kjing, Rathakarn Kawila, Patcharaporn Tariyo, Kittiyaporn Puapun, Sirinat Wongchotbrorirak, Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, Sayamon Hongjaisee, Woottichai Khamduang Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the circulation patterns of respiratory viruses. In tropical regions like Thailand, ongoing surveillance is essential to understand the etiology of severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) in the post-pandemic era. We investigated the etiology of SARI among hospitalized adults in the post-pandemic era. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of respiratory samples collected from adult patients (≥18 years) who were hospitalized at a regional hospital in Chiang Mai, Thailand, between November 2023 and April 2024 due to symptoms of SARI (fever of ≥38°C, cough, and onset within 10 days). Sputum and/or nasopharyngeal swab were collected at admission and tested using a multiplex real-time PCR assay targeting 22 respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Siemens Healthineers Fast Track Diagnostics and Tellgen SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection Kit). Demographic, clinical, treatment, and comorbidity data were extracted from hospital records, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics and pathogen distribution. Results Among 101 hospitalized SARI patients (median age 62 years (interquartile range 43–71); 57 males), 47 (47%) tested positive for at least one respiratory pathogen. The most frequently detected viruses were adenovirus (17/101, 17%) and rhinovirus (13/101, 13%). Co-infections occurred in 9% (9/101) of cases. Seasonal trends showed peaks of influenza A and rhinovirus in January, while adenovirus and enterovirus circulated consistently throughout the study period. Conclusions Nearly half of adult SARI cases were associated with viral pathogens. Other SARI etiologies could be due to bacterial or fungal infections not tested in our study. The high rate of empiric antibiotic use highlights the need for broader and rapid molecular diagnostics. Enhanced pathogen-specific surveillance is essential to guide evidence-based clinical management in the post-pandemic context.

PLOS ONE

A deep neural network and AIS-integrated method for ship trajectory prediction and yaw warning in cross-river power transmission line protection

by Yang Rui, Liang Zhaofeng, Liang Xunyun, Liu Zehuai Ship trajectory prediction plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of inland waterway transportation and enabling intelligent scheduling. To address the limitations of traditional models in capturing long-term dependencies and extracting salient features, this study proposes a novel prediction model—TDV-TTCN-BiGRU—integrating a Temporal-Dependent Variable (TDV) attention mechanism with an improved TCN-BiGRU architecture. The model employs a hierarchical Temporal Convolutional Network (TTCN) to extract multi-scale temporal features in parallel, incorporates the TDV attention mechanism to adaptively adjust the weights of speed and heading features, and uses BiGRU to model bidirectional dependencies, thereby enhancing prediction accuracy and stability. Experiments based on real AIS data include both comparative and ablation studies. Results show that the proposed TCN-BiGRU outperforms CNN, BiGRU, CNN-BiLSTM, and CNN-BiGRU models, achieving the lowest prediction errors. Compared to CNN-BiGRU, the TDV-TTCN-BiGRU model reduces MSE of predicted longitude and latitude by 14.47% and 18.83%, respectively; MAE by 22.41% and 21.25%; and ADE by 21.46%, with trajectory plots showing closer alignment with actual vessel tracks. Furthermore, to address the risk of vessels deviating from navigable channels, a multi-level yaw warning mechanism is developed and validated in typical cross-river scenarios. The system achieves a warning accuracy of over 96%, significantly improving the responsiveness to unexpected yaw behavior. The proposed method provides technical support for intelligent ship navigation, maritime safety management, and the protection of overhead transmission lines.

PLOS ONE

Pathways linking internalized HIV stigma to attitudes and beliefs toward ART through depression: Conditional indirect effects of food insecurity

by Setor K. Sorkpor, Jerry John Ouner, Rachel G. A. Thompson, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Akua O. Gyamerah, Ibrahim Yigit Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence remains suboptimal in sub-Saharan Africa despite expanded access, particularly in Ghana, where structural and psychosocial stressors such as internalized HIV stigma, depression, and food insecurity interfere with sustained ART engagement. Although these factors are often studied separately, limited research has examined how they interact to influence beliefs and attitudes toward ART. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 170 adults living with HIV in the Volta Region of Ghana. Participants completed validated measures assessing internalized HIV stigma, depressive symptoms, household food insecurity, beliefs, and attitudes towards ART. We applied mediation and moderated mediation models to test whether depression mediated the association between internalized HIV stigma and beliefs and attitudes toward ART, and whether these indirect effects varied based on food insecurity. Results Internalized HIV stigma was associated with more negative beliefs and attitudes toward ART (B = .16, SE = .02, p < .001; B = .08, SE = .02, p < .001). Depression significantly mediated these associations (B = .10, 95% CI [.06, .14]; B = .09, 95% CI [.05, .14]), and food insecurity moderated the association between internalized HIV stigma and depression (B = .36, SE = .13, p = .004). Conditional indirect effects were stronger at high (B = .11, SE = .03, 95% CI [.06, .17]) versus low (B = .06, SE = .02, 95% CI [.03, .10]) food insecurity. Conclusions These findings indicate a syndemic interaction between internalized HIV stigma, depression, and food insecurity. Addressing psychological distress alone may not improve ART adherence unless accompanied by efforts to reduce internalized stigma and improve food security. Integrating depression management, stigma reduction interventions, and food security support within HIV services may better enhance treatment engagement in Ghana and similar settings.

PLOS ONE

Spatial distribution and risk assessment of dengue incidence at district level across major climatic zones in India

by Meenu Mariya James, Karuppusamy Balasubramani, Praveen Balabaskaran Nina, Natarajan Gopalan, Sujit Kumar Behera Over the past decade, dengue incidence has been steadily increasing across the different climatic zones of India. The role of climatic variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of dengue at the district level across India is to be determined. District-level dengue incidence data from 2010 to 2022 were obtained from the National Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Control. Indian districts were categorized into eleven climatic zones based on the Köppen-Geiger climate classification scheme and subsequently grouped into three significant climatic zones (tropical, temperate and arid). Temporal trends were assessed using the Prais-Winsten regression model that accounted for serial autocorrelation, while climate zonal differences in annual incidence were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis tests and pairwise comparisons. The global Moran’s I test was used to assess overall spatial autocorrelation, followed by Anselin’s local Moran’s I test to identify clustering and hotspots of dengue incidences at the district level. There is significant heterogeneity in dengue distribution across the districts in India. Prais-Winsten regression analysis shows the strongest upward trend in dengue incidence in polar tundra (ET) zone [AIR = 126.9%; p = 0.01], temperate, no dry season, hot summer (Cfa) zone [AIR: 94.8%; p = 0.01], and cold, no dry season, warm summer (Dfb) zone [AIR = 85.1%; p < 0.001], indicating a substantial intensification of dengue transmission even in cooler climatic regions. Kruskal-Wallis tests confirmed persistent and significant disparities between tropical, temperate, and arid regions. Spatial analysis revealed clustering (Global Moran’s I = 0.06, p < 0.001), with 31 high-incidence clusters concentrated primarily in the semi-arid regions of Punjab and Haryana, and humid regions of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Overall, the identified clustering of high-incidence districts in semi-arid and humid regions, along with the upward trends in multiple climatic zones, highlights an urgent need to embed climate-sensitive planning, early warning systems, and geographically targeted vector-control measures into India’s dengue prevention framework.

PLOS ONE

Prevalence of diphtheria and antimicrobial-resistant wound infections among asylum seekers in Heidelberg, Germany, August–October 2024

by Bernadette Walter, Katharina Lück, Maja Adam, Bettina Winter, Patryk Krauze, Jörg Rau, Nina Knab, Anne Kühn, Andreas Welker, Elisabeth Aichinger, Stefan Brockmann Purpose In the second half of 2022 and 2023, an increase of diphtheria cases among asylum seekers was observed in Europe, with 120 cases reported in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. We aimed to determine prevalence of infection or colonization with toxigenic Corynebacterium among asylum seekers arriving between August and October 2024 in Heidelberg, Germany. In addition, we assessed antimicrobial-resistant wound infections and diphtheria immunity levels in this population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with a random sample of 1073 newly arrived asylum seekers. Consenting participants received a throat and, if applicable, wound swabs. Demographic, clinical and migration-related information was collected to identify potential risk groups. Throat swabs were tested for toxigenic Corynebacterium species, while wound swabs were additionally tested for other antimicrobial-resistant pathogens with relevance to therapeutic management. IgG antibody levels against diphtheria toxoid were quantified in serum samples of a random sub-sample. Results Of the participants, 75% were male (n = 804), and ages ranged from 15 to 60 years (median = 27 years). The most common nationalities were Syrian (n = 281), Turkish (n = 189) and Afghan (n = 117). No toxigenic Corynebacterium was identified. Thirty-seven participants carried inflamed wounds, of whom 18 (49%) had wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), corresponding to 1.7% (95% CI 1.0–2.6%) of the entire study population. Overall, 38.0% (95% CI 33.3–44.8%) showed non-protective diphtheria antibody titers, while acceptance of the on-site diphtheria vaccination was high at 93% (n = 998). Conclusion While no toxigenic Corynebacterium was detected, low immunity levels and antimicrobial resistance findings underline the importance of early diagnosis, treatment and vaccination options in displaced populations.

PLOS ONE

Parameter calibration method for car-following models under snowy weather conditions: Integrating an informer time series encoder and physics-informed neural networks

by Yaping Sun, Wenfang Li, Mengyang Yang, Xingchen Zhang Under snowy weather conditions, factors such as road conditions and weather conditions significantly affect vehicle car-following behavior. Traditional car-following models struggle to accurately capture driving characteristics on slippery roads. To address this, this paper proposes a parameter calibration method for car-following models under snowy conditions, considering factors including road adhesion coefficient and visibility. Five classical car-following models are selected for analysis: the GM model, the Gipps model, the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM), the Wiedemann model, and the Full Velocity Difference Model (FVDM). A systematic analysis is conducted on the key parameters to be calibrated for each model in snowy environments. To overcome the poor adaptability and low accuracy of traditional calibration methods, an adaptive parameter calibration framework combining an Informer time series encoder and a physics-informed neural network is proposed. This method extracts features of snowy environments using the Informer time series encoder and achieves dynamic optimization of model parameters via the physics-informed neural network algorithm, making it applicable to multiple car-following models simultaneously. Validation results based on the NGSIM dataset and real vehicle test data under snowy conditions show that the proposed method improves calibration accuracy by 12.7% under snowy scenarios compared to the traditional genetic algorithm, and exhibits strong generalization capability across different car-following models. This research can provide fundamental models for traffic simulation systems and enhance simulation accuracy.

PLOS ONE

Factors influencing the adoption of sustainable rice farming practices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

by Zakir Ullah, Jiqin Han, Aftab Anwar, Ahmad Sajjad Rice is a major staple crop and an important source of income for rural households in Pakistan. Its production in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) is challenged by rising input costs, climate variability, and limited institutional support, which undermine productivity and long-term sustainability. Sustainable farming practices (SFPs) offer opportunities to improve resource efficiency and farm profitability. This study identifies the key factors that influence the adoption of SFPs among rice farmers in KPK and evaluates their economic impacts. Primary data were collected from 283 rice-growing households in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, between 18th January 2025 and 27th April 2025 using multistage random sampling. Adoption patterns of practices such as crop rotation and intercropping, reduced chemical use, natural fertilizers, and water-saving methods were examined using descriptive statistics, chi-square testing, cost–benefit analysis, logistic regression, propensity score matching, structural equation modeling, and a decision-tree model. Results show that 56.2 percent of farmers adopted at least one sustainable practice. Education, farm size, access to credit and subsidies, market proximity, and participation in training significantly increased the likelihood of adoption. Adopters achieved higher yields (about 430 kg/ha more) and greater profitability than non-adopters (P < 0.01). Cost–benefit analysis confirmed stronger benefit-cost ratios for sustainable systems. Propensity score matching further supported positive effects on profitability, yield, and household income. The findings highlight the economic viability of SFPs in smallholder rice systems. Wider adoption will require expanded farmer training, improved access to concessional credit and subsidies, and stronger extension support. Promoting these practices can raise farm incomes, improve resource use, and support climate-resilient rice production in KPK, Pakistan.

PLOS ONE

Identification and diagnostic potential of pyroptosis-related genes in endometriosis: A novel bioinformatics analysis and validation

by Li Wang, Piaopiao Teng, Jiawen Chen, Caiyun Ding, Xianchen Luo, Chang Su, Guantai Ni, Yuanyuan Lyu, Jin Ding Background Endometriosis (EMs) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by ectopic endometrial growth. This study aimed to identify and analyze potential signatures of pyroptosis-related genes in EMs. Methods We conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis using transcriptomic datasets from the GEO database to identify pyroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (PRDEGs) in endometriosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network construction were applied to explore the functional relevance of PRDEGs. A candidate gene signature was constructed using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression based on pyroptosis scores, and its predictive performance was evaluated in an independent dataset. The expression of key PRDEGs was validated by RT-qPCR in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue samples from patients (n = 10 each). Results Based on the pyroptosis score, endometriosis samples were divided into high- and low-score groups, with a significant difference in score distribution between the two groups. This score was primarily used to characterize the pyroptosis-related stratification features within the samples. Further screening of differentially expressed genes identified five candidate diagnostic-related genes (KIF13B, BAG6, MYO5A, HEATR2, and AK055981). The model constructed using these genes showed moderate discriminatory ability in an independent dataset. RT-qPCR results confirmed differential expression of KIF13B, BAG6, MYO5A, and HEATR2 between ectopic and normal endometrial tissues, and several IL-17 pathway‑related genes exhibited consistent trends. Conclusions This study suggests a potential role for pyroptosis in endometriosis and identifies a candidate gene signature. These findings may provide new clues for understanding inflammation- and cell death-related mechanisms in endometriosis and serve as a reference for future studies conducted in larger cohorts and under more rigorous validation frameworks.

PLOS ONE

Knowledge embedded wind tunnel typical pressure vessel design optimization method research

by Yisheng Yang, Sijie Yan, Qiang Xie, Bowen Liu, Xiqiang Yan, Zeyuan Yang, Han Ding Wind tunnels serve as an essential infrastructure for aerodynamic research and aerospace vehicle development, and pressure vessels are the most important type of structure in transonic and supersonic wind tunnels. Conventional structural design methodologies exhibit critical limitations including over-reliance on empirical specifications, computational inefficiency, and excessive conservatism. Although data-driven surrogate-based optimization approaches partially mitigate these issues, their generalizability variable operation condition remains limited. This study proposes a knowledge-embedded hierarchical Kriging (KEHK) framework that synergistically integrates the pressure vessel design specification with adaptive multi-fidelity modeling. The methodology introduces three key innovations: a knowledge-embedded sequential sampling method based on pressure vessel design specification, an adaptive hierarchical Kriging architecture incorporating multi-fidelity training samples, and a novel condition-mapping protocol to enhance cross-scenario generalizability. The experimental validation of a transonic wind tunnel acceleration section demonstrated a 26.2% structural weight reduction while maintaining operational integrity, coupled with a 150 × computational efficiency improvement over conventional finite element analysis for single-iteration simulations. Comparative evaluations revealed the KEHK model’s superior generalization capability, achieving a prediction error of <15% across 0.1–2.0 the operational pressure ranges, significantly outperforming the conventional hierarchical Kriging, BPNN and nonadaptive KEHK variants. These advancements have established the framework as a robust solution for next-generation wind tunnel engineering applications, effectively bridging the gap between the computational efficiency and operational reliability.

← 이전2 / 20다음 →