"NITROGEN" · 총 12건
필터 보기현재 지수
49.5
0 = 부정 우세
50 = 중립
100 = 긍정 우세
최근 7일 기준 82,188건을 분석한 결과, 뉴스 심리지수는 49.5(균형)입니다. 긍정 10,245건(12.5%)·중립 59,210건(72.0%)·부정 12,733건(15.5%)이며, 중립 비중이 뚜렷하게 높습니다. 성향 지수는 종합 20.7(보수 경향)입니다.
A federal judge permanently blocked Alabama from using nitrogen gas for executions, ruling the method violates the ban on cruel and unusual punishment.
A federal judge blocked Alabama from executing an inmate with nitrogen gas, ruling that the method violates the Eighth Amendment’s protections against cruel and unusual punishment. U.S. District Judge for the Middle District of Alabama Emily Marks ordered that the state’s Department of Corrections is permanently enjoined from using nitrogen hypoxia execution. The order came […]
Judge Emily Marks had previously allowed the execution to proceed, arguing that no execution is entirely without pain.
Emily C Marks finds method proposed to kill Jeffery Lee violates ban on cruel and unusual punishment A federal judge on Tuesday permanently blocked Alabama from executing a man with nitrogen gas after declaring the method violates the ban on cruel and unusual punishment. US district judge Emily C Marks issued the decision a day after an appeals court reversed her ruling that the method is constitutional. Continue reading...
A federal appeals court ruled Monday that Alabama's nitrogen gas execution method likely inflicts a cruel and constitutionally impermissible degree of suffering on condemned inmates -- but stopped short of blocking a scheduled execution set for Thursday.
Fruit sellers at roadsides and bazaars are bracing for Pakistan’s yearly mango madness. Their baskets are filled with the early Sindhri crop for now as they wait for the Punjab Langra and Dusehri, soon to be followed by the Chaunsa and Anwar Ratol. This year’s season arrives with as much anxiety as anticipation. Fluctuating temperatures, erratic rain and hailstorms early in the year, the period critical for flowering, fruit set and ripening, have damaged orchards across Punjab’s mango belt, covering Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan and Bahawalpur divisions in the south and Sahiwal, Faisalabad, Sargodha and Lahore in the central and northern parts of the province. The prolonged stagnation after last year’s floods weakened root systems and stressed trees already battered by climatic shocks. These setbacks, coupled with uncertainty in export markets amid tensions surrounding the US-Iran-Israel conflict, have kept growers, contractors and traders on the edge over the season’s fragility. “I can safely say that around 40 per cent of the crop in my area has been damaged,” said Rabia Sultan, a grower who cultivates several varieties, including Summer Bahisht, White Chaunsa, Anwar Ratol and Sindhri, across nearly 100 acres of fertile land in Kot Addu, South Punjab. Major Tariq Khan, director Lutfabad Farms and director operations Progressive Mango Growers Group, said the yield has been dropping over the last few years, but this year has been particularly “troublesome”. “If you drive through the mango-growing belt of South Punjab for instance, you’ll witness the extent of damage,” he said. Although the Dusehri and Langra have been spared somewhat as they develop earlier in the season. “They had matured before the early-season stress set in. Chaunsa and Ratol that ripen later in the season have been most affected.” Bad weather Usually, from the cool days of February to the scorching months of May and June, each stage of the mango cycle is delicately timed. The trees emerge from dormancy, begin flowering, pollinate, and eventually bear and ripen fruit in smooth succession. This year, however, abrupt temperature swings tore through this cycle. News reports, AccuWeather forecasts, and Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) outlooks say that February clearly departed from normal winter conditions across Punjab. It turned unusually warm, with day-time temperatures rising to 24°-28° Celsius and night-time lows ranging between 11°-14°. The PMD said the monthly mean was 17.1°, which is about 2.5° above average. If it was warmer, it was also parched. It rained 88.8pc less across Punjab in February, leaving orchards thirsty at a critical stage of crop development. Perhaps the only upside to this pattern was that it sped up flowering earlier than usual. “We surveyed the orchards in February and saw trees profusely laden with boor (flowering),” said Hafiz Asif Ur Rehman, Principal Scientist, Mango Research Institute in Multan. This development initially gave them the impression that 2026 would yield a bumper crop. Unexpectedly, the mercury stayed up as March rolled around, with day-time highs inching to between 32° and 37° — roughly 2° to 6° higher than normal. The night-time temperatures stayed at between 14° and 18° which was around 1° to 3° above normal for this time of the year. “The high temperatures during this flowering period suddenly reduced pollen viability,” said Riaz Hussain, a scientific officer at the Mango Research Institute. “[This] disturbed pollinator activity, and conducive flowering. It also caused some premature fruit to drop.” Worse, by mid-March, the pattern shifted again. Instead of temperatures transitioning into warmer degrees, they sank from the 30s to the 20s during the day. The night-time temperature remained more or less consistent. This contrast between an unusually hot start and a cooler, unstable end of the month, complicated the crop cycle. Many orchards showed uneven flowering, multiple fruit-setting waves, delayed fruit maturity, and “increased bator or malformed clusters that favour pest infestation, particularly mango hoppers and fungal problems,” said Hussain. April and May settled back into seasonal norms but sporadic hail, rain, and windstorms continued to disrupt the pattern. Temperatures would fall several degrees below average in affected areas. “Such bursts of temperature may scar the mango skin and make it less suitable for export and reduce its market value,” said Waqas Bucha, who manages 30 acres of orchards along Bosan Road in Multan. Drowning Even before the temperatures played up, prolonged waterlogging after the 2025 floods had damaged feeder roots, reduced soil aeration, and weakened overall tree physiology, particularly in low-lying orchards near riverine areas of Chenab. According to the Pakistan Society for Horticultural Science, last year more than 41,000 acres or over half of the total orchards in Multan, Shujabad, and Jalalpur were left under water. “The brunt fell on small and medium-aged orchards, where trees, still in their most productive years, were uprooted or severely stressed,” it said. In several areas, late vegetative growth remained tender for longer periods, making them more vulnerable to insect attacks and nutrient imbalance because saturated soils don’t absorb fertiliser the same way. These conditions created an environment for the hopper and other stubbornly resistant pests. Waqas Bucha has already sprayed pesticides twice, but the disease refuses to go away. Major Tariq Khan has done it thrice, yet the infestation persists. “In some areas,” he added, “farmers have gone up to eight sprays, but still cannot bring pests under control.” Dawn reported on May 13 that the Ministry of Commerce has extended the start of export season to June 1, 2026, saying it was doing so because of stakeholder requests and climatic shifts that have delayed fruit maturity, particularly for the Sindhri. Long-range shifts In the last five years Punjab has had a clear officially documented shift from seasonal stability to exceptional high heat and rainfall. It has prolonged summers, hitting up to 40°-45° Celsius, and shorter and milder winters, with day temperatures ranging between 18°-24° and night-time lows of 5°-10°, both reflecting an estimated 3° rise in mean temperature. Rainfall has become far more unstable. The 2022 monsoon delivered about 77 per cent above-normal rainfall while 2024 again recorded above-normal monsoon activity. Shrinking acreage Across the five-year trajectory, according to the Final Kharif Estimates by the Punjab Agriculture Department, the mango economy shows a clear move from a stable, productivity-led system to an expansion-driven model in which land increase is beginning to compensate for weakening efficiency per acre. In the early phase (2019-20 to 2020-21) the cultivated area was relatively stable, hovering around 240,000-244,000 acres. But yield fell 6pc from 143.79 to 135.02 maunds per acre. In the next phase (2021–22 to 2022-23) the area stayed at 244,500 acres, but yield dropped 4 per cent from 148 to 142 maunds. In 2023–24, the yield increased sharply to 173.5 maunds per acre despite unchanged acreage, possibly due to better weather. Last year, 2024–25, cultivated area jumped 55 per cent to 378,975 acres. But yield dropped to 148.4 maunds per acre, 14.5 percent lower. Dr Azeem Sardar, an Agricultural Development specialist with The Urban Unit, is clear that the changing weather is “one of the major reasons behind the lower mango yield.” Warning signs Tariq Khan’s area was once known for its thriving cotton fields, which were slowly abandoned by farmers who could not keep fighting climate change, pests and sinking yields. He fears mangoes could meet the same fate unless growers adapt. Hafiz Asif Ur Rehman said they advise farmers to adopt careful irrigation, like avoiding watering already wet soil, maintaining a green grass cover outside the canopy to reduce heat stress, spraying water on the sun-facing side of fruit-bearing trees during extreme temperatures above 45°C, and applying mulch under the canopy to regulate soil temperature. Farmers who combine good agricultural practices, such as timely pruning, nitrogen application during dormancy, and scheduled pesticide sprays, have been better able to protect their crops. Weather forecasting and early warning systems help, but Dr Azeem Sardar added that “climate-smart orchard management remains an evolving field in the country.” Experts say transitioning from traditional mango cultivation practices to climate-resilient approaches remains gradual and faces several challenges. “Many small and medium-scale farmers continue to rely on conventional farming practices due to financial limitations, lack of technical knowledge, and restricted access to efficient irrigation systems and quality inputs,” said James Robert Okoth, Officer in Charge, FAO Pakistan. Farmers are slow to pivot but so is government. “We have approached the climate change ministry, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, and other bodies, but it is always the same response, ‘yes, yes, let’s do something,’ and then nothing materialises,” he said. Around 92 per cent of mango growers in South Punjab are small landholders who don’t have the capacity to innovate or independently adapt to climate pressures. And each damaged crop and shrinking yield is spreading the fear that the king of fruit, the Pakistani mango may become another casualty of the global climate crisis.
PATHUM THANI — 7 June 2026, A German man was found dead at his home in Pathum Thani province on Sunday morning, his body discovered with a plastic bag over his head connected to a nitrogen tank, in circumstances police are investigating. Frank Wolk, 59, was found by his wife sitting in a chair in […] The post German programmer found dead at Pathum Thani home with note appeared first on Khaosod English.
• Cites 2026 study that finds Karachi has highest urban-rural temperature difference • Says emergency response not enough, the city must reduce heat at its source • Links pollution, dense construction, traffic, and tree loss to growing health risks KARACHI: Highlighting the multiple environmental challenges Karachi faces, a senior community health sciences expert has called for urgent actions at both the government and individual levels to tackle the growing urban heat problem that’s silently damaging public health and productivity. Responding to Dawn’s queries about Karachi’s challenges on the eve of World Environment Day, Prof Zafar Fatmi, Head of Environmental Occupational Health and Climate Change at the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, said that the city’s urban heat effect appears to be becoming more intense. “This is not only because of global climate change, but also because of how the city is growing, how people move through it, how much pollution they breathe, and how little protection many people have while working and living outdoors,” shared Prof Fatmi, who has done several studies on subjects related to community health. He explained that more concrete, more roads, high-density construction, traffic congestion, loss of trees, and fewer open spaces are making the city absorb and retain more heat. Referring to studies conducted from Karachi, he said that they showed that urban heat island effects are present, with higher night-time land surface temperatures in urban areas, and recent work has identified heatwave vulnerability in the city’s dense urban zones. “A 2026 multi-city Pakistan study also found that Karachi has the highest urban-rural temperature difference among major cities studied, around 4.5°C, and linked vegetation loss with higher land surface temperature. “This means Karachi is not only experiencing hotter weather; it is also being built in a way that makes heat worse. In our own microscale urban heat work in Karachi [a 2024 study], we found that delivery riders and rickshaw drivers experienced temperatures much higher than the city’s recorded average,” he said. The study published two years ago showed that in summer, exposure was about 5.5°C higher under direct sun and 1.8°C higher even in shade compared with the city average. “This tells us something very important: the heat people face on the street is often different from the official temperature. The real exposure is what people feel at traffic signals, bus stops, roadside markets, construction sites, school routes, and while travelling for work.” Responding to a question about warning signs of growing intensity of urban heat, Prof Fatmi said that they are already visible; nights are not cooling adequately, outdoor workers feel exhausted earlier in the day and people complain of dehydration, headache, dizziness, poor sleep, fatigue, and fainting. “Those with heart disease, lung disease, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, and old age are at greater risk. Children, pregnant women, traffic police, vendors, construction workers, delivery riders, rickshaw drivers, and people living in poorly ventilated homes are particularly vulnerable.” Underscoring the need for urgent action, he said that when ordinary places such as bus stops, traffic signals, roadside shops, and school routes become heat-risk zones, it is a sign that urban heat is no longer an occasional discomfort; it is becoming a public-health exposure. The problem, he points out, becomes more serious when heat combines with air pollution. Karachi’s residents do not experience heat and pollution separately. “They breathe polluted air in hot, congested, dusty, and traffic-heavy conditions. Heat increases dehydration, breathing rate, and pressure on the heart, while air pollution affects the lungs, blood vessels, and cardiovascular system.” According to Prof Fatmi, research from hundreds of cities has shown that high temperatures can modify the health effects of air pollutants, including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. “Other studies also suggest that combined exposure to heat and particulate pollution can increase mortality risk more than either exposure alone. For Karachi, this means air pollution control and heat planning should not be treated as separate issues.” Replying to a question whether there is a link between rising temperature, urban heat and infections, he explained that higher temperatures can create conditions in which some pathogens, mosquitoes, and contamination risks grow more easily, especially where water, sanitation, waste, and drainage systems are weak. “Food spoils faster. Stored water becomes unsafe more easily. Stagnant water can support mosquito breeding. Climate research shows that warming temperatures and changing rainfall patterns are affecting vector-borne diseases, while water-borne and food-borne infections can also increase where heat is combined with poor sanitation and unsafe water.” In Karachi, therefore, he says, the risk is not heat alone; it is heat plus poor drainage, unsafe water storage, waste accumulation, crowding, and weak municipal services. On the actions required at both individual and state levels, he said that people should avoid unnecessary outdoor exposure during peak heat, drink safe water frequently, use shade, cover the head, avoid heavy exertion during the hottest hours, and check on children, elderly people, pregnant women, and people with chronic diseases. “People should recognise early danger signs such as dizziness, confusion, fainting, severe weakness, very hot skin, or inability to drink water. Outdoor workers need shaded rest areas, drinking water, and adjusted work hours. These should be treated as basic occupational protections, not as charity.” At the government level, he says, Karachi needs a serious heat-health action plan. “This should include simple public alerts in Urdu and local languages, shaded bus stops, public drinking-water points, cooling spaces, school guidance during heatwaves, emergency preparedness in hospitals, and legal protection for outdoor workers during extreme heat.” However, he emphasises that emergency response alone is not enough and that the city must also reduce heat at its source; protecting mature trees, expanding green and blue spaces, reducing unnecessary concrete, improving public transport, controlling dust and vehicle emissions, stopping waste burning, using cooler building and road materials, and making heat assessment mandatory for major roads, buildings, and infrastructure projects. “A climate-resilient Karachi will require health, planning, transport, environment, labour, and municipal authorities to work together. Otherwise, heat will continue to quietly damage health, productivity, and dignity, especially among the poor and those who work outdoors.” Published in Dawn, June 5th, 2026
Analysis of official air quality figures suggests more than half of all boroughs are still recording illegal levels of toxic nitrogen dioxide.
NGO Green Power has urged the Hong Kong government to better regulate ozone precursors as hot weather exacerbates air pollution across the city. Chemical compounds – such as nitrogen oxides, methane, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and carbon monoxide – form ground-level ozone by reacting in the lower atmosphere in the presence of sunlight. Ground-level ozone […]
Presidente Lula desembarca em Aracaju (SE). Arthur Campos O presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) desembarcou na manhã desta sexta-feira (29), em Sergipe, onde vai acompanhar o anúncio de investimentos da Petrobras no estado e visitar instalações de saúde nas cidades de Lagarto e Aracaju. Após desembarcar no Aeroporto Internacional Santa Maria, na capital, o presidente segue para o município de Laranjeiras, localizado a cerca de 23 km de Aracaju. Na cidade, ele visitará as instalações da Fábrica de Fertilizantes Nitrogenados (Fafen) e participará de um evento ao lado da presidente da Petrobras, Magda Chambriard, para o anúncio de investimentos de mais de R$ 72,5 bilhões para o estado. ✅ Clique aqui para seguir o canal do g1 SE no WhatsApp Na sequência, Lula viajará para Lagarto, na região do Centro-Sul sergipano, para visitar o Hospital de Amor de Lagarto. A unidade de saúde é referência no tratamento de pacientes oncológicos e atende pessoas vindas de municípios de Sergipe, Alagoas, Bahia e Pernambuco. No período da tarde, o presidente retorna a Aracaju, onde conhecerá as instalações do Hospital do Câncer Governador Marcelo Déda Chagas e realizará a entrega de 406 veículos do Programa Agora Tem Especialistas, destinado para a redução da fila de espera por consultas com especialistas no SUS.
A federal judge has ruled that execution by nitrogen gas doesn't violate the constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment, rejecting an Alabama inmate's claim that it causes excessive suffering.