The Hindu National
중도 성향
문화/연예
Versatile actor Salim Kumar passes away aged 57
He had been rushed to a private hospital with fever and shortness of breath in the early hours of June 6, and placed on ventilator support
"SALIM" · 총 22건
필터 보기현재 지수
50.3
0 = 부정 우세
50 = 중립
100 = 긍정 우세
최근 7일 기준 80,785건을 분석한 결과, 뉴스 심리지수는 50.2(균형)입니다. 긍정 3,942건(4.9%)·중립 74,943건(92.8%)·부정 1,900건(2.4%)이며, 중립 비중이 뚜렷하게 높습니다. 성향 지수는 종합 14.6(중도 균형)입니다.
He had been rushed to a private hospital with fever and shortness of breath in the early hours of June 6, and placed on ventilator support
For three years after winning the National Award in 2011, the genial actor had stayed away from silver screen due to poor health. Yet he remained alive in public memory, thanks largely to memes that liberally drew on his image and witty dialogues, giving them a sharp satirical edge
The art brought Salim Kumar fame and made him a sought-after performer in the famed Kalabhavan troupe and in foreign shows; it paved the way for his entry into the film industry
In 1997, he was dropped from a film for his ‘lack of acting prowess.’ Thirteen years later, the National Film Award came his way through Adaminte Makan Abu. Salim Kumar, who has acted in 250-odd films, was a lively presence in the Malayalam film industry for three decades, switching effortlessly from comedy to character roles.
Plantão Policial de Avaré Divulgação/Polícia Militar Um homem morreu após ser atropelado por um carro na Rodovia Antônio Salim Curiati (SP-245), em Avaré (SP), na noite desta sexta-feira (5). Segundo o boletim de ocorrência, a motorista relatou à polícia que trafegava pela rodovia, na altura do quilômetro 1,2, quando o pedestre surgiu repentinamente na pista. Ela afirmou que não teve tempo de frear ou desviar e acabou atingindo a vítima. 📲 Participe do canal do g1 Itapetininga e Região no WhatsApp Agora no g1 A condutora acionou a Polícia Militar e as equipes de resgate. O homem chegou a ser socorrido, mas morreu a caminho do hospital. A motorista não ficou ferida. Ela realizou o teste do bafômetro, que apontou resultado negativo para o consumo de álcool. Após prestar depoimento, foi liberada. A Polícia Científica realizou perícia no local do acidente. A identidade da vítima não havia sido divulgada até a última atualização desta reportagem. O caso foi registrado como homicídio culposo na direção de veículo automotor e será investigado. Initial plugin text Veja mais notícias no g1 Itapetininga e Região VÍDEOS: assista às reportagens da TV TEM
Veteran actor Salim Kumar has been hospitalized due to health complications and is currently on ventilator support. Known for his National Award-winning performance in 'Adaminte Makan Abu' and his contributions to Malayalam cinema, Kumar has also explored filmmaking and writing. He recently shared his views on the decline of quality comedy films in the industry.
Salim Kumar experienced health issues and was rushed to hospital in the morning. He had undergone a liver transplant a few years ago
The agency launched coordinated raids across 20 locations in Maharashtra and Gujarat to dismantle a transnational narcotics-trafficking and money-laundering racket
The 59-year-old Dola was brought back by India from Türkiye in April and was arrested by the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) soon after he landed at the Delhi airport
Enforcement Directorate conducted extensive raids across Maharashtra and Gujarat, targeting over 20 locations in a money laundering probe linked to drug trafficker Mohammad Salim Dola. Dola, recently extradited from Türkiye, is accused of running a transnational drug syndicate and is a close associate of Dawood Ibrahim.
Disgraced Sydney property developer Salim Mehajer was spotted out with his girlfriend in Double Bay on Sunday.
United States President Donald Trump said he had secured guarantees from Iran that it would not develop nuclear weapons, as reports emerged he had sent a tougher peace proposal back to Tehran. Any tweaks to the proposal could prolong even further an agreement to formally end the Middle East war and open the Strait of Hormuz maritime route after weeks of efforts to secure a deal despite fractious rhetoric and the occasional flare-up of armed conflict. The New York Times and Axios media outlets reported on Saturday that Trump had sent back a new framework to be considered by Iran with “tougher” terms, though it was not immediately clear what that entailed. Trump has said his priorities for any deal include stopping Iran from any nuclear weapon development and re-opening the blockaded Strait of Hormuz. “The one guarantee that I have to have is that there will be no nuclear weapons. They’ve agreed to that, and it was very interesting,” he told his daughter-in-law Lara Trump in an interview broadcast on her Fox News programme on Saturday night. But Tehran has previously cast doubt on Trump’s assertions and the parties appeared far apart on their key priorities. Iran has said it requires the release of $12 billion in frozen assets before it moved to substantive talks on issues such as its nuclear programme and called earlier Trump comments that its enriched uranium — a precursor for nuclear weapons — would be destroyed “baseless”, according to Iranian media. Tehran has also insisted that Lebanon must be included in any end to the war despite ongoing fighting, with Beirut accusing Israel of a “scorched-earth policy” as its forces advanced and carried out further airstrikes. After Trump and US officials earlier said they were on the brink of striking a deal, he struck a less urgent tone and hinted at renewed military action in the Fox interview. “I’m in no hurry,” he said. “Slowly but surely we’re getting, I think, what we want and if we don’t get what we want, we’re going to end in a different way.” Flare ups That echoed comments from Pentagon chief Pete Hegseth who said at the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore on Saturday that Washington was “more than capable” of restarting the war if necessary. Though daily strikes throughout Iran and the Gulf have stopped since Tehran and Washington struck a temporary ceasefire in April followed by historic talks hosted by Pakistan, bursts of armed conflict have continued. Iran’s Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) had shot down a US military drone “about to enter Iranian territorial waters to conduct hostile operations”, Iran’s state broadcaster IRIB reported, an incident that has not been confirmed by the US. Earlier in the week, the worst fighting since the fragile ceasefire broke out when US forces carried out strikes on the Iranian port of Bandar Abbas, countered by retaliatory fire from Iran. Nevertheless, diplomacy has continued with Trump under pressure to reach an agreement that would lift US and Iranian competing blockades around the Strait of Hormuz that have choked international oil supplies and threatened the global economy with rising prices. After Trump said on social media that Tehran would charge “no tolls” on ships passing through the strait once the blockades were lifted under any deal, Iranian news agency Fars cited sources saying “no such clause appears in the text of the agreement”. Iran’s ISNA news agency on Saturday cited lawmaker Alireza Salimi as saying a plan “to implement Iran’s management and sovereignty over the Strait of Hormuz will soon be approved by parliament”. Expanded Lebanon operations Israel’s military issued evacuation warnings for more villages in south Lebanon on Saturday, a day after Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Israeli forces had pushed more than 30 kilometres into the country. Lebanese Prime Minister Nawaf Salam accused Israel of pursuing a “scorched-earth policy and collective punishment”, and called for “a swift and real ceasefire”. Israel’s military confirmed it was expanding its ground offensive in a statement released early on Sunday, saying “a significant number” of its forces had advanced past the Litani river and were carrying out expanded operations against Hezbollah in the Beaufort Ridge and Wadi al-Saluki area. A truce between Israel and Hezbollah began on April 17 but has never been observed, with both sides accusing each other of violating it. Israel and Lebanon began direct talks in April, with a fourth round expected in the coming week.
Virginia state Sen. Saddam Azlan Salim (D) is telling prosecutors who say they will not enforce his "assault weapons" ban to quit "tough guy posturing." The post Sponsor of Virginia ‘Assault Weapons’ Ban Tells Anti-Gun Control Prosecutors: Quit ‘Tough Guy Posturing’ appeared first on Breitbart.
The United Nations warned on Friday that an Israeli plan to take control of 70 per cent of Gaza will increase suffering among children already hit by the impacts of severe overcrowding. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has ordered the military to take control of more territory in the Gaza Strip, flouting the terms of a fragile ceasefire that took effect in October. He said the military had controlled 50pc of the Palestinian territory under the terms of the ceasefire, then advanced to take over 60pc. “My directive is to move to… 70pc,” he said. The United Nations children’s agency Unicef warned that this would deepen the health crisis among children in the territory, suffering from acute lack of food, water and hygiene. Israel controls the flow of aid into the territory along with all entry points into Gaza, which has been under an Israeli blockade since 2007. Even before Israel’s assault in Gaza that began in 2023, the territory was already very densely populated. Now “people have been crammed into around 40pc of the space”, Unicef spokesman Salim Oweis told reporters in Geneva, speaking from Gaza. People there were left “sheltering among broken buildings, rubble and mounting solid waste”, he said, adding “there is no accessible space left to clear” the waste. “The effects of this are now widely apparent: children with respiratory infections, acute watery diarrhoea, and more than half of all households reporting skin diseases.” Rats biting children “Fleas, lice and scabies are commonplace,” Oweis said, also pointing to numerous cases of rats biting young children and even babies. Oweis said a woman named Hind “hasn’t slept since her four-year-old daughter, Masa, was bitten by a rat during the night”. “Like many families, they sheltered wherever they could, in their case, the second floor of a building block where sewage water leaks through the ceilings, and rodents crawl through the cracks in the building and climb the exposed pipes,” he said. Rats are not the only menace. Oweis said he had spoken with another woman named Amani whose seven-year-old daughter had “developed deep lesions and sores on her head, back and legs due to a bacterial infection”. He warned that “increasing numbers of children are requiring hospitalisation, all without a single fully functioning hospital across Gaza”. The situation was “dire”, Oweis said, noting the overcrowding was already “creating more spread of diseases, straining the systems and of course cutting … services”. If Israel takes control of even more land, he warned, that “means that we will lose access to some of the service points, but also [to] some hard to reach places [where children and families are living”. “This will just mean that more children will suffer,” he said. The Palestinian foreign ministry slammed Netanyahu’s announcement as “a serious violation of the foundations of the ceasefire”. Since then, Gaza has been gripped by daily violence, with Israel killing more than 900 people there, according to Gaza’s health ministry in the territory, whose figures are considered reliable by the United Nations. They are among the over 72,800 people killed in Gaza since the start of the assault, according to the health ministry. The October 7, 2023 attack that sparked the genocide, meanwhile, resulted in the deaths of 1,221 people on the Israeli side, according to an AFP tally based on official Israeli figures.
Entre suas principais contribuições está a criação de um material didático pioneiro para o ensino musical no Brasil Welton Nadai Considerado um dos maiores nomes da música erudita no Brasil, o maestro e violonista buriense Pedro Cameron morreu aos 77 anos, nesta quinta-feira (28), em Rio Claro. O corpo do músico e educador foi sepultado nesta sexta-feira, em Cerquilho (SP). As causas da morte não foram divulgadas. Responsável pela formação e estruturação de importantes orquestras no interior do estado — como as sinfônicas de Sorocaba e Rio Claro, Cameron deixa um rastro de saudade e reverência. Artistas formados por ele relembram a trajetória do instrumentista virtuoso e docente generoso que lapidou uma geração de talentos na região. 📲 Participe do canal do g1 Itapetininga e Região no WhatsApp Pedro Cameron, maestro que revolucionou a música erudita no interior paulista, morre aos 77 anos Welton Nadai Legado artístico e pedagógico Violonista, compositor e regente de vasta produção, Cameron criou peças complexas para violão que lhe renderam prêmios nacionais e internacionais. Seu catálogo inclui sinfonias, concertos, musicais cênicos e trilhas sonoras. A potência produtiva do regente não se limitou à esfera artística; estendeu-se com igual força ao campo pedagógico. Entre suas principais contribuições está a criação de um material didático pioneiro para o ensino musical no Brasil. Essa metodologia serviu de base para a formação de profissionais que hoje atuam em palcos prestigiados dentro e fora do país, como Edson Lopes, Marcus Toscano, Welton Nadai e Amadeu Rosa. "Aprendi muito com ele e, hoje, na posição de docente, replico sua metodologia como legado. Sigo seu método, contido em um livro de iniciação maravilhoso. Uso com meus alunos e funciona muito bem em vários aspectos didáticos. É uma grande perda!", declara o violonista sorocabano Marcus Toscano, que atualmente mora e trabalha na Espanha. Segundo ele, é impossível dissociar a figura do artista genial e completo da imagem do instrutor terno, alegre e incentivador, características que se destacam na lembrança do ex-aluno e amigo de longas conversas telefônicas. Marcus Toscano, à esquerda, foi aluno de Pedro Cameron e hoje atua fora do país Arquivo Pessoal Método coletivo e formação de orquestras Artista de talento imensurável, Cameron unia a genialidade inquieta do criador à calma pedagógica do educador. Lembrado pelo virtuosismo que paralisava alunos e plateias, foi nos bastidores, observando antes de ser observado, que deu início ao seu papel de mentor. Na década de 1970, quando o Conservatório Dramático e Musical "Dr. Carlos de Campos", de Tatuí, dava os primeiros passos para se tornar a instituição de referência que é hoje, Cameron foi peça fundamental. Professor de violão da instituição, desenvolveu ali o projeto "Orquestra-Escola". O método propunha que o início da prática instrumental acontecesse diretamente dentro de um conjunto musical com crianças. Cameron foi peça fundamental para o Conservatório de Tatuí (SP), na década de 70 Welton Nadai LEIA TAMBÉM: Quem foi Antônio Salim Curiati, político que levou projeto de estância turística para Piraju e chegou à prefeitura de SP Analista contábil do interior de SP teve cargo de ‘presidente da República’ registrado na carteira de trabalho durante 10 anos Menino indígena que percorre cerca de 16 km para treinar conquista 3º lugar em torneio regional de judô: 'Me sinto orgulhoso' Ao estimular a prática coletiva, o aprendizado tornava-se menos enrijecido, mais flexível e acessível. A proposta, revolucionária para a época diante dos parâmetros rígidos tradicionais, não apenas reduziu drasticamente a evasão de alunos, mas também impulsionou a criação de novas orquestras em Tatuí e diversas outras localidades, sendo multiplicada por inúmeras instituições brasileiras. Diante do sucesso, o maestro implantou o mesmo sistema em Sorocaba por meio do "Projeto Cordas", embrião que reestruturou a Orquestra Sinfônica da cidade, da qual foi regente durante 16 anos. Outro ponto marcante de sua rota pelo interior paulista foi Rio Claro. Na cidade, onde fixou residência, ele fundou e regeu a Orquestra Sinfônica de Rio Claro, além de projetar instrumentistas de destaque no cenário nacional. Um de seus ilustres discípulos, Welton Nadai, junto de Priscila Giusti, integrou a última formação ao lado do mentor no "Violões Artes Trio". Welton Nadai, junto de Priscila Giusti, integrou a última formação ao lado do mentor no 'Violões Artes Trio' Arquivo Pessoal Ao mestre, com carinho "Estudei com ele por seis ou sete anos, e esse programa de estudos me deu uma base técnica e musical forte para seguir minha carreira. Pedro Cameron teve um papel muito importante para toda a geração de músicos em Sorocaba, não apenas para os violonistas. Ele era realmente amado. Os alunos o buscavam para passar mais tempo ao seu lado. Era uma pessoa de grande coração, muito animado e que nunca reclamava. Foi um compositor premiado na Alemanha e no Brasil, que fazia arranjos impressionantes para qualquer formação musical. Ele merece todo o reconhecimento. Que as pessoas toquem suas obras e descubram tudo o que ele deixou para o mundo", Marcus Toscano, violonista e ex-aluno. "O Cameron é uma das figuras mais importantes para a música erudita no Brasil. Ele formou uma geração, tanto no violão, que era sua especialidade, quanto nas orquestras. Era um compositor muito querido e inovador, com arranjos e transcrições de altíssima qualidade. Sempre dizia que as coisas precisam ser bem-feitas e ter um sentido. Isso norteou seu trabalho na criação de métodos de ensino coletivo utilizados até hoje. Ele também foi o primeiro ganhador do Concurso de Música Contemporânea do Brasil, na década de 1970, e recebeu o título de Doutor Honoris Causa pela Faculdade Marcelo Tupinambá. Até a semana passada, mesmo debilitado, atendia os alunos. A aula dele era um encontro prazeroso sobre música. Tive o prazer de ser seu aluno por mais de 20 anos e tocamos juntos por 15. Todos os ensaios e concertos eram uma aula. Devemos nossa carreira a ele. Fica a saudade, o legado e a missão de divulgar seu trabalho", Welton Nadai, músico e ex-aluno. "Pedro Cameron foi um profissional fantástico, um grande violonista e compositor. Tive o privilégio de me formar com ele na década de 1970; na realidade, foi meu único professor. Tinha uma técnica violonística fora do normal. Se hoje dou aulas no Conservatório de Tatuí, é graças a ele. Devo muito de minha carreira aos seus conhecimentos. Sempre foi simpático, preocupado e carinhoso com os alunos. Um colega me contou que, até poucos dias atrás, tinha aulas com ele. Na aparência estava debilitado, mas a mente continuava brilhante: sempre sorrindo e contando histórias, como se nada estivesse acontecendo. Esse era Pedro Cameron: uma referência que permanece para esta e para as próximas gerações", Edson Lopes, professor e ex-aluno. Pedro Cameron foi referência da música erudita e formador de gerações no interior de SP Arquivo Pessoal Initial plugin text Veja mais notícias no g1 Itapetininga e Região VÍDEOS: assista às reportagens da TV TEM
Country: occupied Palestinian territory Source: UN Children's Fund This is a summary of what was said by UNICEF Communication Specialist Salim Oweis - to whom quoted text may be attributed - at today’s press briefing at the Palais de Nations in Geneva GAZA/GENEVA, 29 May 2026 – “Failure to meet children’s basic needs in Gaza is trapping them in an endless cycle of suffering. “The experiences of the desperate parents I met this past week can illustrate this better than I could: “Hind hasn’t slept since her four-year-old daughter, Masa, was bitten by a rat during the night. “Like many families, they sheltered wherever they could – in their case, the second floor of a building block where sewage water leaks through the ceilings, and rodents crawl through the cracks in the building and climb the exposed pipes. “Amani’s daughter, Lemar, she’s 7, has developed deep lesions and sores on her head, back and legs due to a bacterial infection. Amani tries to clean her wounds each day with the little, hard-to-get, clean water she has, as her daughter screams in agony. “Abdallah’s mother told me that he has developed a skin infection as they live in a tent next to sand contaminated with faeces. His mother has spoken to doctors and desperately needs the medication and enough clean water and hygiene products to help him heal and protect him from exposure to more infections. “Abdel Aleem said that his 8 months old son, Ahmad, and his pregnant sister-in-law were both bitten a couple of weeks ago. They have layered sandbags around the outside of the tent to try to protect themselves, but the rats simply chew through it – stopping them is futile. “The common thread running through every one of these conversations is the sheer heartbreak of parents who no longer feel able to do the thing most innate to them – protect their children’s health and safety. “One look at the conditions that people are being forced to live in is enough to understand why. “We know that Gaza was already one of the most densely populated places in the world. Now, people have been crammed into around 40 per cent of the space left to them – sheltering among broken buildings, rubble and mounting solid waste. “Families across Gaza do not have enough clean water, they are forced to choose between drinking, washing and cooking with what little they have. “UNICEF is trying to reach as many people as possible with clean water– up to one and a half million people a month – but there are significant obstacles: “Firstly – deadly attacks on water operations, including recently at Al Mansoura filling point, where two UNICEF-contracted truck drivers were killed whilst trying to collect water. Now, this main water filling station – which more than a quarter of a million people rely on – is inaccessible. “Secondly, items needed to sustain water systems and repair damaged water infrastructure – including: lubricant oil, water treatment chemicals and spare parts – are not being allowed in at the scale needed, meaning we cannot repair systems as quickly as needed to reach more children with clean water, and existing systems risk failure due to lack of maintenance and overuse. If we cannot repair systems, then we have to rely solely on water trucking which is much more expensive and doesn’t reach populations as effectively. “Thirdly, solid waste is piling up by the day. This, alongside rubble, needs clearing at a scale that is currently impossible because there is no accessible space left to clear it to. “The effects of this are now widely apparent: children with respiratory infections, acute watery diarrhea, and more than half of all households reporting skin diseases. Fleas, lice, and scabies are commonplace. Increasing numbers of children are requiring hospitalization. All without a single fully functioning hospital across Gaza. “The picture is similarly stark when it comes to children’s nutrition. While we have managed to reverse the famine, the number of malnourished and vulnerable children remain extremely serious. More than two years of food insecurity, poor housing, limited water, terrible sanitary conditions and regular disease outbreaks has left the population extremely vulnerable. Without enough clean water and fuel to cook proper meals, even children who recover with treatment will quickly fall back in a cycle of malnutrition – the effects of which can last a lifetime. “No parent should be in a position where they cannot provide their child with the basic needs to keep them healthy. No parent should have to watch as their child writhes in pain from lesions or buckle from weakness because of entirely preventable diarrhoea. That this is happening should be – to everyone – entirely unconscionable. “Access to water, adequate nutritious food, and health care should not be conditional for any child, anywhere. “UNICEF is calling for safe unfettered access to deliver humanitarian operations, the lifting of restrictions on items needed to quickly repair and sustain water and sanitation systems, and for international humanitarian law to be upheld. “Only then will children in Gaza start to break free from the cycle of suffering they are trapped in.”
Salim Bashir says exposure to threats and violence could cast a shadow over judges’ ability to discharge their duties as judicial officers.
Salim Bashir berkata pendedahan kepada ancaman dan keganasan boleh menjejaskan keupayaan hakim melaksanakan tugas mereka.
CPI(M) candidate Sambhu Nath Kurmi received 40,625 votes securing 19.34 % of total votes polled; CPI(M) state secretary Md. Salim said the Trinamool Congress is ‘melting faster than ice’ in this summer heat
Illustration by Abro Introduced by the Imran Khan administration (2018-2022), the controversial Single National Curriculum (SNC) represented a final institutional attempt to preserve a state-curated national narrative dating back to the 1970s. By the 2010s, this identity framework had begun to fracture under the weight of escalating sectarian violence, unprecedented Islamist terrorism and fraying civil-military relations. The Islamist violence intensified alongside growing political friction between the military and the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP)-led government that took power in 2008. The resulting instability triggered a national debate over the state’s religious narrative. The conflict between the state and the Islamists exposed a stark ideological contradiction: anti-state extremists were utilising the exact same Islamist rhetoric that the state, mainstream religious parties, and centre-right groups had been championing, especially ever since the 1980s. This forced a fundamental questioning of state-sponsored Islam, particularly its presence in school textbooks. For decades, the Pakistani state crafted a national identity detached from the Subcontinent’s past. But changing dynamics within the country and in the region are pushing it towards a different imagination of itself — as the modern inheritor of the ancient Indus civilisation This discourse was not entirely unprecedented. In the 1980s, intellectuals such as Sibte Hasan, K.K. Aziz and Ayesha Jalal created a counter-narrative by arguing that the state was distorting the foundational vision of Pakistan’s founder, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. They contended that Jinnah viewed Islam as an enlightened, humane and modern faith. This portrayal was in stark contrast to the rigid version of Islam and of Jinnah’s image sculpted by the state from the 1970s onward. However, the counter-narratives remained largely confined to elite intellectual circles. Meanwhile, the official state narrative grew increasingly dominant, thoroughly propagated through textbooks, state-controlled media, and pro-state ulema [Islamic scholars] empowered by the Ziaul Haq dictatorship (1977-1988). A second wave of academic criticism emerged during the 1990s and early 2000s. Led by scholars such as Dr Abdul Hameed Nayyar, Rubina Saigol and Ahmad Salim, this critique posited that the era’s escalating Islamist and sectarian violence was a direct consequence of classroom indoctrination. According to Saigol, after the violent secession of East Pakistan in 1971, a pervasive state paranoia began to suffocate national rhetoric and reshape the curriculum. This insecurity culminated in the formal unveiling of the “Pakistan Ideology” in 1978. It was a construct born out of the fear that, without stitching a rigid interpretation of Islam into the country’s political and social fabric, Pakistan would face further disintegration. Nayyar, Salim and Saigol further suggested that the state and its nationalist intelligentsia harboured a perpetual urge to divorce the roots of South Asian Muslims from those of other regional faiths, particularly Hinduism. This ideological project gained urgency after the 1971 ‘East Pakistan debacle.’ In post-1978 textbooks, Pakistan was finally decoupled from its Subcontinental geography and tied to a civilisational claim that South Asian Muslims were genealogically linked to the birthplace of Islam in Arabia. Critics termed this the “Arabisation of Pakistan” — a claim that Arabs found rather amusing. From the late 1970s, history textbooks largely disregarded the region’s pre-eighth century past, undermining everything prior to the Arab invasion of Sindh. The ruins and artefacts of ancient civilisations physically located within Pakistan, including the 5,000-year-old Indus Valley Civilisation, were treated as foreign phenomena rather than foundational elements of the nation’s own heritage. Although an extensive 2003 study on this subject by Nayyar and Salim attracted brief interest from the ‘modernist’ military dictatorship of Pervez Musharraf (1999–2008), it yielded only superficial structural reforms. In 1996, the state narrative was more comprehensively challenged by Aitzaz Ahsan, a prominent intellectual and senior member of the PPP. Synthesising fragmented ideas into what became known as the ‘Indus Theory’, he formalised his thesis in his book The Indus Saga and the Making of Pakistan. The theory suggests that modern-day Pakistan is far from an artificial state hastily created in 1947. Instead, it is the organic, modern manifestation of a distinct 5,000-year-old civilisation anchored to the Indus River system. According to Ahsan, the civilisational divide between Pakistan and India is fundamentally cultural and geographical rather than purely religious. It is driven by the separate evolution of two distinct societies: one born along the banks of the Indus River in Pakistan, and the other along the Ganges in India. Versions of this theory had circulated since the 1950s. Their lineage can be traced back to the 1950 book Five Thousand Years of Pakistan by British archaeologist Sir Mortimer Wheeler. The concept was then revived in the 1970s by figures such as Sibte Hasan, eminent archaeologist Dr Ahmad Hasan Dani, and veteran Sindhi nationalist scholar G.M. Syed. However, the post-1971 state sidelined this paradigm in favour of its Arabian hypothesis. Ahsan’s mid-1990s formulation remains the Indus Theory’s most cohesive and articulate expression. In 2010, the PPP-coalition government succeeded in passing the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, with the support of the main opposition party, the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N). The amendment provided extensive autonomy to the provinces, devolving education from the federal government and loosening the Islamabad-driven national narrative. Sindh took the lead, exercising its new authority to reintroduce the province’s ‘Sufi’ history and regional heroes into provincial textbooks, bypassing old federal frameworks. In 2015, the Sindh government reintroduced Jinnah’s August 11, 1947 speech into textbooks. This speech, in which Jinnah declared that the state would have nothing to do with the religion of its citizens, had been expunged from the curriculum after 1971. Combined with the widespread availability of internet-driven literature challenging the state’s post-1971 narrative, these developments hurled the Indus Theory into mainstream national discourse like never before. The state made a last-ditch effort to mitigate the erosion of the old narrative through the SNC, launched by Imran Khan in August 2021. While the SNC was a more radical manifestation of the traditional state narrative, it was ultimately rejected by the governments of Sindh and Balochistan. What’s more, its implementation triggered widespread confusion and disgruntlement among middle-class parents in Punjab, causing the project to stall after Khan’s regime was removed through an act of parliament in 2022. Today, as Pakistan navigates its position as a rising regional power, both the government and the military establishment are prioritising pragmatism. Seeking to sustain this status while addressing Baloch separatism, Islamist violence and the Indian threat in a more systematic manner, the state is quietly integrating the Indus Theory into its own narratives. An additional driver of this shift is the Hindu nationalist regime in India, which is aggressively reshaping the past to construct a Hindu-centric, civilisational identity. This has eroded India’s secular image internationally. Pakistan views this as an opportunity. By embracing the Indus Theory, Pakistan seeks to position itself as a moderate, pragmatic nation-state with ancient roots in the civilisations that emerged along the Indus, the country’s largest river and ‘life giver.’ Published in Dawn, EOS, May 24th, 2026