Gaussian kinetic representations of rarefied nonequilibrium flows

Compact representations of rarefied flows must preserve kinetic observables, not only smooth macroscopic fields.

We introduce Gaussian kinetic representations for discrete velocity method (DVM)-Shakhov solutions of normal shocks and a lid-driven cavity.

A positive log-density phase-space model reconstructs shock velocity distribution functions (VDFs) and their moments, while a moment-field model compresses wall-bounded cavity structure.

Log-density training recovers heat flux, stress, and third- and fourth-order shock moments without explicit moment supervision; the cavity representation gives a compact continuous wall-transport map.