From plankton to tuna: How Super El Niรฑo upends marine ecosystems
Super El Niรฑo events are among the most disruptive climate anomalies of the modern era, with profound effects on marine ecosystems and fisheries worldwide. While the impacts of El Niรฑo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles are well documented, Super El Niรฑo magnifies ecological disruptions, undermining food security, livelihoods and economic stability in coastal and island nations. This