On some Grothendieck expansions

The orthogonal and symplectic groups act on the complete flag variety with finitely many orbits.

The orthogonal Grothendieck polynomials $\mathfrak{G}^{\mathsf{O}}_z$ and symplectic Grothendieck polynomials $\mathfrak{G}^{\mathsf{Sp}}_z$ are distinguished representatives for the $K$-theory classes of the corresponding orbit closures.

There is a simple formula to expand $\mathfrak{G}^{\mathsf{Sp}}_z$ as a linear combination of Grothendieck polynomials $\mathfrak{G}^{(\beta)}_w$, which represent the $K$-theory classes of Schubert varieties.

Although the constructions of $\mathfrak{G}^{\mathsf{Sp}}_z$ and $\mathfrak{G}^{\mathsf{O}}_z$ are similar, finding the $\mathfrak{G}^{(\beta)}$-expansion of $\mathfrak{G}^{\mathsf{O}}_z$ or even computing $\mathfrak{G}^{\mathsf{O}}_z$ is much harder.

If $z$ is vexillary then $\mathfrak{G}^{\mathsf{O}}_z$ has a nonnegative $\mathfrak{G}^{(\beta)}$-expansion, but the associated coefficients are mostly unknown.

This paper derives several new formulas for $\mathfrak{G}^{\mathsf{O}}_z$ and its $\mathfrak{G}^{(\beta)}$-expansion when $z$ is vexillary.

Among other applications, we prove that the latter expansion has a nontrivial stability property.