Low-latency FPGA-based electronic control system for fast preparation of defect-free atom arrays

The scalability of neutral atom quantum computing demands integrated electronic control systems with low latency, modular architecture, and real-time feedback capability.

Here, we present an FPGA-based electronic control system that eliminates the PC from the feedback loop, integrating photon counting, real-time decision-making, and waveform generation within a unified PXIe architecture.

The system achieves a total feedback latency of $282\,\mathrm{\mu s}$ and is validated in practical experiments by assembling defect-free atom arrays from 24 stochastically loaded optical tweezers.

A single-round rearrangement achieves a filling fraction of $\sim96\%$, while feedback-controlled iterative rearrangement over five rounds boosts the success probability for generating a 10-atom defect-free array from $65.7\%$ to $95.4\%$.

This system establishes the electronic infrastructure necessary for mid-circuit measurement and real-time quantum error correction on neutral-atom platforms.