Dirac-Frenkel dynamics with inertia for nonlinearly parametrized solutions of evolution problems

Even when Dirac-Frenkel dynamics determine a well-defined evolution in function space, the corresponding parameter dynamics can be non-unique or ill-conditioned for redundant nonlinear parametrizations such as neural networks or mixture models.

We propose to add inertia to the Dirac-Frenkel dynamics and show that this allows useful parameter velocity information to persist from the past trajectory in directions that are weakly informed, while well-informed parameter velocity directions continue to follow the Dirac-Frenkel dynamics.

We prove that the inertial formulation yields well-posed parameter dynamics and provide a posteriori error bounds.

After time discretization, the method requires the solution of the same type of regularized linear least-squares problem as standard Dirac-Frenkel dynamics, but with the previous velocity appearing as an anchor.

Numerical experiments demonstrate the increased robustness obtained with inertia.