Spherical Designs with Infinite Harmonic Strength

In this paper, we study the existence problem for spherical \(T\)-designs on the \(d\)-dimensional sphere, where \(T\) is an infinite subset of \(\mathbb N\).

We show that, if \(d\ge 2\), then a finite subset of \(S^d\) has infinite harmonic strength if and only if it is antipodal.

For \(d=1\), we show that infinite strength spherical designs are exactly cyclotomic designs, and we characterize their existence in terms of certain \(0\)-\(1\) polynomials.

We also prove that the harmonic strength of every infinite strength spherical design has the weak GCD property.

Finally, for a given infinite subset \(T\subset \mathbb N\) with the weak GCD property, we give a finite procedure to decide whether there exists \(X\subset S^1\) such that \(\operatorname{Hst}(X)=T\), and apply this criterion to concrete existence and non-existence examples.