Precise measurement of the Kerr coefficient using phase-sensitive pump-probe hyperspectral imaging

Phase-sensitive pump-probe hyperspectral imaging is a precise technique for absolute two-beam measurements of the optical Kerr coefficient ($n_2$).

The irradiance profile is characterized and background effects are rejected by rastering the pump beam across the probe beam to yield a complex-valued hyperspectral image of the pump-induced nonlinear response.

Information about the temporal irradiance profile is carried in the spectral response.

The technique is demonstrated by measuring $n_2$ of a fused silica sample near 1~$\mu$m wavelength and benchmarked against a measurement using Z-scan [Sheik-Bahae \emph{et al.}, IEEE J.

Quantum Electron. \textbf{26}, 760--769 (1990)], the most widely used single-beam technique.

The two measurements are consistent when the two-beam grating effect from the Raman contribution to the nonlinearity is considered.

Uncertainty contributions are described in detail and the outlook is discussed for improvements in precision.