Effect of different clustering approaches on the multilevel fast multipole method for the Helmholtz equation

The fast multipole method (FMM) is an important component for the boundary element method (BEM), because with the FMM the efficiency and feasibility of the BEM can be enhanced to a large degree.

Part of the FMM is grouping the elements of the boundary element mesh into different clusters.

The size of these clusters in terms of number of elements and spatial expansion has a huge impact on the efficiency and stability of the method.

However, while the theory behind the multipole expansion has been broadly researched, the clustering process itself and its effect on the FMM has been neglected in comparison.

Most of the time, for example, it is implicitly assumed that the elements of the mesh have about the same size, which is often not the case in practical applications, e.g., when calculating the sound field around the human head.

In this study we compare different types of clustering approaches with respect to stability and efficiency of the underlying FMM applied to meshes that have uniform as well as non-uniform element sizes.

Also, some examples are provided for cases where a wrong clustering can lead to numerical problems and instabilities of the FMM-BEM.