HOMFLY Polynomials of the Torus Links

We derive explicit formulas for the HOMFLY polynomials of the torus links $T(3,n)$ using braid groups and the skein relation.

We first treat the case of $T(2,n)$ and then derive a five-term linear recurrence for an auxiliary sequence associated with $T(3,n)$.

By solving this recurrence using a generating function, we obtain an explicit formula for the HOMFLY polynomial $P(T(3,n);y,z)$ of $T(3,n)$.

The corresponding formula for $T(-3,n)$ is subsequently obtained from the mirror-image formula for the HOMFLY polynomial.

As an application, we show that the HOMFLY polynomial distinguishes the links $T(3,n)$ within this family and distinguishes $T(3,n)$ from its mirror image for $n\geq 2$.