Unresolved-Sideband Optomechanics with Hexagonal Boron Nitride: Induced Transparency, Gain, and Frequency Combs

Optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) is usually modeled and studied in the resolved-sideband regime, but many compact microcavity platforms operate in the unresolved-sideband limit $(\kappa \gg \Omega_m)$.

Here we investigate OMIT in this regime using a tunable fiber-based Fabry-Perot microcavity coupled to a suspended hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) drum resonator in a membrane-in-the-middle geometry.

The system achieves a large single-photon coupling rate of $g_0/2\pi \sim 180$ kHz and exhibits strong radiation-pressure backaction.

By measuring OMIT spectra as a function of pump power and cavity detuning, we observe a crossover from a transparency-like dip to a gain feature in the reflected response.

These maps are quantitatively reproduced by the full linearized optomechanical response, demonstrating the breakdown of the standard rotating-wave approximation used in the resolved-sideband limit.

Finally, we drive the system into a nonlinear regime to generate optomechanical frequency combs.

These results establish hBN fiber-cavities as a versatile architecture for unresolved-sideband optomechanics, nonlinear dynamics, and hybrid device integration.