Augmenting airline networks using airside-to-airside buses to strengthen system resilience under disruptions

Each year, disruptions in the air transportation network strand millions of passengers and cost airlines billions in revenue.

Airline networks prioritize operational and cost efficiency through hub-and-spoke structures that maximize revenue; however, these hubs also act as critical choke points during disruptions.

Previous studies have focused on reactionary measures in response to air transportation network disruptions, whereas this work proposes a proactive strategy to improve resilience by reconfiguring the network's topology.

Specifically, we consider airside-to-airside bus lines as a low-cost, frequent alternative to short, regional flights, offering service that can circumvent air traffic-related delays.

We develop a network construction model that augments the existing air transportation network with these bus lines.

The augmented networks are analyzed through an agent-based simulation, where increased resilience is measured in terms of decreased average hourly passenger delays under both nominal and disrupted conditions.

Our results demonstrate that converting 10 regional routes from air service to airside-to-airside bus service, for a baseline scenario that is constrained by a $10 million investment budget, can reduce passenger delays by an average of 8% on disrupted days and 6% on nominal days.

Furthermore, through a sensitivity analysis, we show that while augmenting the system using these buses decreases operational costs compared to the historic air-only network, continuously expanding bus parameters (i.e., range and investment budget) yields diminishing returns in delay mitigation.

Finally, we discuss real-world precedents alongside regulatory and political hurdles to implementation.

The proposed framework offers airlines, airports, and regulators a decision-support tool for integrating multimodal strategies into future disruption management policies.