Principal $p-$frequency estimates on non-compact manifolds with negative Ricci curvature

We establish a lower bound for the principal $p-$frequency $\lambda_{1,p}(\Omega)$ on a bounded domain $\Omega$ in a non-compact Riemannian manifold of dimension $n.$ Under the assumption that the Ricci curvature satisfies $\operatorname{Ric} \geq (n-1)K$ with $K<0,$ we prove that $\lambda_{1,p}(\Omega) > \bar{\lambda}_{D,K,n}$, where $D$ is the diameter of $\Omega$ and $\bar{\lambda}_{D,K,n}$ is explicitly defined as the first eigenvalue of an associated one-dimensional ordinary differential equation model that incorporates both $D$ and $K.$ Moreover, the estimate is sharp.

This work extends previous results for the case $K=0$ to the geometrically more complex setting of negative Ricci curvature, and providing a new quantitative connection between the eigenvalue, the diameter of domains, and the curvature lower bound.