Coloring Black Holes: Epistemic and Aesthetic Choices in Astronomical Imaging

In 2019, the first image of a black hole's shadow based on observation was released by the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (EHT).

This paper shows that despite the EHT's emphasis on a single image as its final result, there were countless plausible ways of rendering the data, among which researchers could not easily choose.

To obtain a single image from the extremely noisy and sparse data, it was necessary to select one of multiple plausible approaches, or to average the results from different approaches, at each stage of data processing.

We examine the epistemic and aesthetic choices involved at various stages, and explore what the images would have looked like if the EHT had made different choices.

We suggest that the most valuable evidence produced by the EHT comes not from the single image it ultimately advertised as its central result, but from the demonstration of the limited variability that emerged from the specific choices made.