Proper Homotopy Nonrigidity of Open Contractible Manifolds

Stallings' characterization of Euclidean space implies that the proper homotopy type of $\mathbb{R}^n$ is topologically rigid for $n \geq 5$.

We show that this phenomenon is exceptional.

For every even integer $N \geq 6$, there exists a proper homotopy type containing infinitely many pairwise nonhomeomorphic smooth open contractible $N$-manifolds.

More generally, let $N=2d \geq 6$, and let $\pi$ be a finite superperfect group.

If the reduced $(-1)^d$-eigenspace of the rational complex representation ring of $\pi$ is nonzero, then there exist infinitely many compact contractible smooth $N$-manifolds whose interiors are all properly homotopy equivalent but pairwise nonhomeomorphic.

Their boundaries are homotopy equivalent integral homology $(N-1)$-spheres with fundamental group $\pi$, but are pairwise not topologically $h$-cobordant.