Variable Aerodynamic Damping Actuation via Co-Contraction: A Structural Analogy with Variable Stiffness Actuation

This work identifies a passive aerodynamic damping effect induced by co-contraction in antagonistic redundant propulsion.

Complementing prior work on aerodynamic promptness, which addressed active wrench-rate authority along constant-wrench fibers, we study the passive side: the local derivative of aerodynamic force with respect to air-relative velocity at a trim.

This derivative defines an incremental aerodynamic damping coefficient.

We prove that it increases monotonically along constant-force fibers under a mild aerodynamic hardening condition, and derive this property from a first-order Blade Element Theory model exposing the relevant speed-inflow coupling.

The resulting mechanism, Variable Aerodynamic Damping Actuation (VADA), is formulated as an antagonistic aerodynamic actuation module and allocation principle, structurally analogous to variable-stiffness actuation at the level of fiber motions and incremental impedance modulation.

An impedance-form interpretation clarifies common- and differential-mode roles, while a propeller-data-based assessment using the UIUC Propeller Database shows that the identified damping has practical small-UAV magnitude, is comparable to ordinary low-speed body-drag damping, and depends strongly on low-advance-ratio thrust sensitivity.