Spatial Modulation for Tx-SIMO-FAS: Port Selection and Performance Analysis

This paper considers a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) setup with a fluid antenna system (FAS) at the transmitter side and multiple fixed antennas at the receiver, which is referred to as a Tx-SIMO-FAS.

We investigate the use of spatial modulation (SM) utilizing the FAS on a single radio-frequency (RF) chain while the receiver side performs maximum-likelihood detection.

Unlike conventional antenna arrays, however, the large number of fluid antenna ports accommodated within a limited aperture introduces strong spatial correlation, which reduces the distinguishability of port indices and degrades the reliability of index detection.

To address this challenge, three correlation-aware port-selection schemes are proposed: successive fluid Euclidean-distance-optimized selection (SF-EDAS), successive orthogonal port selection (SOPS), and correlation-constrained orthogonal array selection (CC-COAS).

These schemes focus on enhancing received-constellation separation, improving channel-basis conditioning, and jointly optimizing channel gain and inter-port decorrelation, respectively.

To understand the performance limits of FAS-SM, a reliability analysis is developed by decomposing the channel into an energy-based degree of freedom (DoF), and an extreme-value DoF.

High signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis reveals an effective diversity order determined by the number of selected ports, the number of receive antennas, and the energy-based spatial DoF.

Furthermore, the aperture-limited array gain is characterized through a scalar equivalent independent-look approximation involving the Digamma function.

Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed schemes significantly outperform conventional SM and grouping-based benchmarks.

Among them, CC-COAS achieves the most favorable tradeoff between error performance and computational complexity.