Uniform-in-time stability and mean-field limit of the Cucker-Smale-type model with noncompact support

We study the uniform-in-time stability and mean-field limit of an infinite Cucker--Smale-type (ICS-type) model in a fully noncompact setting.

First, we clarify the main difficulties arising from the original ICS model and its corresponding kinetic Cucker--Smale (KCS) model, when the spatial support is noncompact.

In particular, we show that the velocity diameter may remain constant in time, which invalidates the classical approach based on position and velocity diameters.

Moreover, we construct a counterexample showing that the original KCS model does not satisfy uniform-in-time stability in the noncompact spatial setting.

To overcome these obstacles, we introduce a new ICS-type model whose communication weight depends on a pairwise spatial moment.

Under suitable assumptions, we also establish the uniform-in-time stability of the ICS-type model with respect to initial data in the noncompact setting.

Finally, we derive the uniform-in-time mean-field limit for the ICS-type model, together with uniform-in-time stability for the corresponding KCS-type model.