Drift of interfaces in forced stably-stratified turbulence and the role of vertically-sheared helical structures

Experimental investigations of forced stably stratified turbulence (SST) have shown that the step-like density profile, made of well-mixed density layers and sharp interfaces alternating along the gravity direction, undergo a slow coarsening dynamics with either decay or merging of interfaces.

In this Letter, we focus on the coarsening dynamics phenomenon, by means of Direct Numerical Simulations of forced SST at moderate resolutions, and very long temporal integration.

We show that the vertical drift and merging of interfaces is associated to the emergence of spatially-uniform, vertically-sheared helical structures that break the mirror-symmetry of the system.

When these are absent, interfaces decay is observed instead. %how the kinetic energy excursions observed at $Fr=0.076$, occurring in parallel to vertical drift of interfaces, are due to the emergence of spatially-uniform, vertically-sheared helical structures that break the mirror-symmetry of the system.

This is absent at larger $Fr=0.22$, where interface decay is observed instead.

A dynamical correspondence between helicity dissipation rate by buoyancy effects and the vertical buoyancy flux allows to establish a (causal) connection between the chiral structures and the vertical movement of interfaces leading to merging.