Dominance of slow solutions for second order abstract evolution equations with time-varying damping

Of concern is a class of non-autonomous evolution equations of second order in Hilbert spaces, with a nonnegative self-adjoint operator $A$, time-varying damping and nonlinear source term.

We give an upper decay rate of the energy, valid for all solutions and solely based on the damping coefficient and the geometrical index of the source term.

Furthermore, we prove under suitable conditions that for all initial data, except for those in the kernel of $A$, the solutions decay (in the energy norm) at most as fast as this decay rate.

The result not only shows the optimality of the decay rate, but also reveals an unusual phenomenon: ``slow solutions", i.e. those that decay at {\it exactly} this rate, are dominant in amount.

Moreover, specialized to the case when the nonlinear source is absent, our result improves relevant existing ones to a large extent.