Laboratory characterization of a multi-photonic lantern optical waveguide using off-axis holography

Photonic lanterns (PLs) are waveguides that convert multi-mode input light to single-mode outputs.

Wavefront sensing (WFS) and spectroscopy using a PL have been demonstrated, but PL simulations and experiments show significant mismatches.

For the WaveDriver project, a proposed Habitable Worlds Observatory pathfinder that uses a PL for WFS as well as for integral field spectroscopy, we manufactured an optical waveguide consisting of an array of seven 19-port PLs in one device.

We present laboratory characterization of the individual PLs, consisting of measurements of the principal modes at each PL input using digital off-axis holography.

We compare our mode measurements to simulations to assess the variation in the PL manufacturing process.

We discuss expected WFS performance in the WaveDriver configuration.