The dual approach to non-negative super-resolution: perturbation analysis and $\ell_1$ data fidelity

We study the problem of super-resolution, where we recover the locations and weights of non-negative point sources from (potentially noisy) samples of their convolution with a Gaussian kernel.

Previous work has shown that exact recovery is possible by minimising the total variation norm of the measure, and a practical way to achieve this is by solving the dual problem.

In this paper, we study the stability of the solution with respect to the solution of the dual problem, both in the case of exact measurements and in the case of measurements with additive noise.

In particular, we establish a relationship between perturbations in the dual variable and perturbations in the primal variable around the true solution and, in the case of inexact measurements, we derive a similar relationship between the additive noise and perturbations in the dual variable using an $\ell_1$ data fidelity whose dual is box constrained.

Our analysis is based on a quantitative version of the implicit function theorem.