The restricted Hitchin map of wobbly vector bundles

This article studies the restricted Hitchin map $h_V$ of a stable rank 2 vector bundle $V$ on a smooth projective curve $C$.

This map associates to a trace-free twisted endomorphism $\varphi : V \to V \otimes K_C$ its determinant, which is a quadratic differential.

We show that if $V$ is a general wobbly vector bundle, then it has a single nilpotent twisted endomorphism, up to scalars.

As a consequence we show that $h_V$ is generically finite and we compute its degree.

Furthermore, we show that if $C$ is not hyperelliptic, then the image of $h_V$ contains a quadratic differential with simple zeros.

This is equivalent to saying that there is a smooth spectral curve associated to a twisted endomorphism of $V$.