Ehrhart $h^*$-distributions

Every polynomial with real non-negative coefficients yields a finite probability distribution after normalization.

The Ehrhart $h^*$-polynomial of a lattice polytope $P$ is a non-negative integer polynomial that encodes the integer-point counts for positive integer dilations of $P$.

We study the corresponding finite distributions, which we call $h^*$-distributions.

We determine the mean and variance of these distributions, establish a connection between higher moments and Ehrhart polynomial coefficients, and study their cluster points in the $d$-dimensional probability simplex.

We consider the special case of real-rooted $h^*$-distributions, applying existing tail bounds to obtain new linear inequalities for the coefficients of real-rooted $h^*$-polynomials arising from reflexive polytopes.

We conclude by establishing sufficient conditions under which a sequence of real-rooted $h^*$-distributions is asymptotically normal, and we apply our results to various families of polytopes, including zonotopes and Pitman-Stanley polytopes.