On the rectification of oscillatory flows by flexible leaflets in a confined geometry

Inspired by biological systems, extensive research has explored how fluid-structure interactions in compliant channels and confined geometries control fluid transport.

While local nonlinearities can be induced by individual components, arranging these elements into larger architectures gives rise to increasingly complex, collective responses.

Predicting these collective behaviors, however, remains largely restricted to steady-state characterization, as the dynamic coupling between time-varying flows and multiple interacting structures is difficult to model.

In this paper, we investigate numerically the collective interaction of multiple asymmetric leaflets within a channel at low-Reynolds number.

By utilizing symmetrically oscillating plates rather than a pressure-driven flow to isolate the system from background asymmetries, we characterize how these interacting structures generate a net fluid transport.

We develop an analytical framework to evaluate transport in the steady limit, which we subsequently extend to account for time-dependent channel oscillations, providing a complete dynamic description of the coupled fluid-structure system.

Our results demonstrate that high leaflet densities maximize collective interactions and net transport.

Furthermore, we define an elastoviscous number comparing viscous hydrodynamic forces to the restorative elastic forces of the leaflets, and uncover an optimal value that maximizes the net flow.

This framework establishes a foundation for analyzing how collective slender structures interact dynamically within viscous environments, laying the groundwork for future studies on flow control in biological fluid transport and microfluidic design.