Egypt's 'Garbage City' recyclers reap gains from Iran war plastic squeeze

In the labyrinthine alleyways of Cairo’s Garbage City, recycling specialist Peter Romany finds himself fielding calls from factories scrambling for plastic to plug supply shortfalls caused by the US-Israel war on Iran.

The 25-year-old is among the hundreds of recyclers and manufacturers across Egypt benefiting from a war-driven surge in demand ever since the United States and Iran choked off the Strait of Hormuz — a major shipping lane for the raw materials from which plastic is made.

At the heart of the boom is the sprawling eastern Cairo settlement of Manshiyet Nasser, where generations of garbage collectors have built one of the world’s most sophisticated informal recycling systems.

An Egyptian worker pepares plastic for processing at a recycling plant at the garbage city in the Manshiyet Nasser neighbourhood in Cairo on July 6, 2026. — AFP

“Before the war, we were the ones calling factories, trying to sell our material,” Romany told AFP, standing beside towering bales of compressed plastic.

“But after the war broke out, the factories started calling us. They’d ask: How much do you have? Can you deliver today? That never used to happen.”

Built on trash

Home to more than 115,000 residents, Manshiyet Nasser is a predominantly Coptic Christian neighbourhood nestled beneath the Mokattam hill and facing Cairo’s historic Citadel.

The settlement handles more than a third of the capital’s waste, according to government figures.

Egyptian workers load bails of plastic for recycling on a truck at the garbage city in the Manshiyet Nasser neighbourhood in Cairo on July 6, 2026. — AFP

Families live and work under the same roof, often separated from mountains of waste by little more than a staircase or curtain, exposing them to foul odours, plastic fumes and other health risks.

Downstairs, men sort plastics, cardboard, paper, metals and glass into neat piles destined for workshops and factories.

Upstairs, children pore over schoolbooks, mothers prepare lunch and television sets flicker in cramped living rooms, all against the constant background noise of shredders whining and baling presses pounding below.

Egyptian workers prepare plastic for processing at a recycling plant at the garbage city in the Manshiyet Nasser neighbourhood in Cairo on July 6, 2026. — AFP

The smell of rubbish hangs heavy in the air as pickup trucks and handcarts crawl through narrow alleyways, unloading the day’s collections while children weave between them chasing footballs.

It’s a well-oiled machine, kicked into overdrive by a war more than a thousand kilometres away.

Cash upfront

Romany specialises in recycled polyethylene, one of the world’s most widely used plastics and a key ingredient in packaging.

According to the pricing agency Independent Commodity Intelligence Services (ICIS), the Middle East is a major global supplier of polyethylene, with around 85 per cent of its exports passing through the strait.

Egypt imports around 40pc of its raw plastic materials, mainly from Gulf countries, Europe, China and South Korea, according to the Chamber of Chemical Industries.

An Egyptian worker loads bails of plastic for recycling on a truck at the garbage city in the Manshiyet Nasser neighbourhood in Cairo on July 6, 2026. — AFP

Packaging and plastic prices have more than doubled for some products, three industry sources told AFP, pushing manufacturers towards locally recycled alternatives.

Factories that would normally delay payment started putting down cash upfront “because they were so eager to secure material”, said Rizq Yousif, who mainly recycles PET, the plastic widely used in beverage and food packaging.

Yousif told AFP demand had tripled, while prices for some recycled plastics increased by up to 60pc.

A temporary boom?

The disruption has been good for local businesses all along the value chain.

“We have been in this business for 16 years,” said Fayrouz El-Sayed, chief executive of Sadat City Chemical Fibre Factory, which produces polyester fibres from used plastic bottles.

But only since the latest crisis have they managed to crack new markets as far away as Brazil, she said.

An Egyptian man carries a large bag filled with rubbish at the garbage city in the Manshiyet Nasser neighbourhood in Cairo on July 6, 2026. — AFP

Nesma El-Areef, senior marketing and sales manager at Uflex Egypt, which converts plastic waste into new packaging materials, said demand for the company’s recycled products rose by up to 40pc.

“We saw a significant increase in orders, particularly from food and beverage manufacturers, because we offered a more readily available alternative to imported materials,” she told AFP.

Despite the gains, industry figures believe the boom could fade once supply routes stabilise.

An Egyptian worker scures a bail of plastic before loading on a truck for recycling at the garbage city in the Manshiyet Nasser neighbourhood in Cairo on July 6, 2026. — AFP

Yousif said prices and demand began easing shortly after US President Donald Trump announced last month that negotiations with Iran were progressing.

“Just one post dropped the market. After the war, I am not sure this will last,” he said.

But this week, Trump said the US was reinstating its blockade of Iranian ports and “taking over” the Strait of Hormuz as fresh fighting between the two countries flared.

An Egyptian vendor leads his donkey cart loaded with watermelons past large bags filled with rubbish at the garbage city in the Manshiyet Nasser neighbourhood in Cairo on July 6, 2026. — AFP

Orders have already picked back up, according to both Romany and Yousif.

“We’re used to it by now,” Yousif said. “Whenever there’s trouble there, the customers start calling us.”

Header image: Egyptian workers load bails of plastic for recycling on a truck at the garbage city in the Manshiyet Nasser neighbourhood in Cairo on July 6, 2026. — AFP ...