Analysis of the Topology of a Plasmonic Target-Skyrmion Texture

Topological concepts are frequently used to describe structured optical fields, including plasmonic near fields.

Topological descriptions in terms of skyrmion numbers implicitly assume the compactness of the underlying manifold.

Even when skyrmion-like textures appear locally, the compactness is usually not fulfilled in extended optical fields.

Here, we use photoemission electron microscopy to investigate a plasmonic nano-focus that exhibits a sequence of radially extending alternating skyrmion and antiskyrmion textures.

The full spatio-temporal reconstruction of the electric field vectors and their topology is accessible by vector polarimetry.

The experiments confirm the expected oscillatory behavior of the skyrmion number and demonstrate that a global skyrmion number cannot be assigned in such non-compact fields.