Barchan-barchan and barchan-obstacle interactions: insights from grain-scale studies

Sand dunes are bedforms that grow due to the action of a fluid flow over a sand bed or pile.

Whenever the fluid flow is mainly in one direction and the availability of sand is limited, crescent-shaped dunes known as barchans appear.

These dunes are a strong attractor, being found on Earth, Mars, and other celestial bodies, usually in dune fields where they interact with each other, the terrain, and dune-size obstacles.

In this review, we discuss the processes and outcomes of the different barchan-barchan and barchan-obstacle interactions, based on grain-scale subaqueous experiments and numerical simulations.

We propose that those interactions depend basically on the Shields and Stokes numbers (that are two dimensionless parameters), the transverse position of bedforms, and the size ratio between the interacting objects.

In addition, we show in detail the fluid flow, the trajectories of grains, and the resultant force acting on each grain, explaining the mechanisms for the different behaviors observed.

Finally, we discuss the implications for the aeolian case, and put into perspective the current findings.