A cryogenic neutral-atom platform with full optical access and 2-hour trap lifetime

Neutral-atom quantum processors are rapidly scaling toward system sizes of more than ten thousand qubits, allowing for the realization of a new class of quantum computing algorithms and quantum simulation experiments.

However, current neutral-atom platforms generally have to find a compromise between the optical accessibility and the storage time of atoms in optical potentials, limiting the available qubit numbers.

Here we report on the operation of a novel, cryogenically enhanced, neutral-atom apparatus that overcomes these apparently conflicting requirements.

We demonstrate vacuum-limited trapping lifetimes of up to two hours of single $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}$ atoms in an optical tweezer array while preserving full optical access and without the need for complex cryogenic enclosures.

Our measurements show that exceptionally long single-atom lifetimes can be achieved with a relatively simple cryostat design.

Our architecture can be straightforwardly ported to other atomic species and shows a viable path for scaling up to sorted arrays of tens of thousands of atoms.