Optimal Calibration of the Endpoint-corrected Hilbert Transform

Accurate, low-latency estimates of the instantaneous phase of oscillations are essential for closed-loop sensing and actuation, including (but not limited to) phase-locked neurostimulation and other real-time applications.

The endpoint-corrected Hilbert transform (ecHT) reduces boundary artefacts of the Hilbert transform by applying a causal narrow-band filter to the analytic spectrum.

This improves the phase estimate at the most recent sample.

Despite its widespread empirical use, the systematic endpoint distortions of ecHT have lacked a principled, closed-form analysis.

In this study, we derive the ecHT endpoint operator analytically and demonstrate that its output can be decomposed into a desired positive-frequency term (a deterministic complex gain that induces a calibratable amplitude/phase bias) and a residual leakage term that sets an irreducible variance floor.

This yields (i) an explicit characterisation and bounds for endpoint phase/amplitude error, (ii) a mean-squared-error-optimal scalar calibration, and (iii) practical design rules relating window length, filter bandwidth and order, and centre-frequency mismatch to residual bias via an endpoint group delay.

The resulting calibrated ecHT achieves near-zero mean phase error and remains computationally compatible with real-time pipelines.

Code and analyses are provided at this https URL.