Time-Domain Moment Matching for Second-Order Systems [Extended Version]

The paper develops a second-order time-domain moment matching framework for the structure-preserving model reduction of high-dimensional second-order dynamical systems, avoiding the first-order double-sized equivalent representation.

The moments of a second-order system are characterized by the solutions of second-order Sylvester equations, leading to families of parameterized second-order reduced models that match the moments of the original system at selected interpolation points.

A two-sided moment matching problem is also addressed, yielding a unique second-order reduced system that matches two distinct sets of interpolation points.

Furthermore, we construct reduced second-order systems that match the moments of both the transfer function and its first-order derivative.

Then, we also discuss how the proposed framework can be extended to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) second-order systems through tangential interpolation, and we identify the main open difficulties in extending the derivative-matching and pole-zero placement results to the MIMO setting.

The theory is illustrated on a numerical example of vibrating systems.