Myanmar: Drivers influencing mental health and psychosocial needs (Thematic Report 29 May 2026)

Country: Myanmar

Source: ACAPS

Please refer to the attached file.

OVERVIEW OF MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS IN MYANMAR

The population of Myanmar is experiencing widespread and severe mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) needs driven by decades of conflict and political instability. Since the country’s independence in 1948, recurrent displacement, economic deterioration, and climate hazards have exposed people to multiple, often prolonged psychosocial stressors (Lieber Institute 09/12/2025; OCHA 10/12/2025). Since the February 2021 military takeover, populations have been increasingly exposed to potential sources of trauma and distress across the country. By March 2026, an estimated 45% of the population was in need of humanitarian assistance, with around half the population estimated to be directly exposed to armed conflict, including widespread air strikes, armed violence, and other human rights abuses (WHO 09/03/2026; Fortify Rights 29/01/2026). Displacement – which affects nearly 3.7 million people (6% of the population) – is a major compounding driver of MHPSS needs, leaving IDPs at risk of anxiety, including fear of air strikes and other forms of violence, as well as uncertainty about their future (UNHCR accessed 28/05/2026). These factors collectively contribute to weakened psychosocial resilience at both household and community levels. The breakdown of health, education, and protection systems, particularly in conflict-affected areas, has reduced access to essential MHPSS structures, including informal community networks (OCHA 10/12/2025). At the same time, economic deterioration has limited households’ coping capacities to meet basic needs, increasing reliance on potentially harmful coping strategies and aggravating psychological strain. Geophysical events, including the 2025 earthquake and its aftershocks, have introduced acute and longer-term effects of trauma and anxiety, further compounding existing stressors in conflict-affected areas (STC 28/03/2026; UNICEF 28/05/2025). Despite significant mental health risks across the country, especially for communities affected by conflict or climate hazards, access to MHPSS services remains highly constrained and uneven. ...