Pauli Weight Hamiltonian Term Selection for Optimized Machine Learning Based Quantum Error Mitigation

Machine learning provides a scalable solution for quantum error mitigation.

However, the selection of appropriate Pauli strings for inclusion in training data remains a challenge.

Current methods rely on heuristic or uniform random sampling, requiring data for every Pauli string in the Hamiltonian, a process that scales linearly with measurements and grows with system size.

To address this, we introduce quantum error mitigation with prior knowledge of Pauli weights (Pauli weight quantum error mitigation (Pi-QEM)), a systematic framework that selects training observables based on Pauli weight.

By leveraging the relationship between variance and locality in parameterized quantum circuits, Pi-QEM trains on a small subset of dominant, low-weight Pauli strings.

In numerical simulations of molecular systems on a noisy IBM quantum backend, Pi-QEM reduces ground-state energy estimation error by up to 34.01% using just a single dominant local observable, offering an efficient, scalable pathway for high-precision error mitigation on NISQ devices.