A Weakly Nonlinear Theory of Zonal-Flow Forcing in Gyrokinetic Turbulence

The forced generation of zonal flows by microinstability-driven turbulence is investigated within the framework of local gyrokinetic theory far from marginality.

We use a numerically and physically informed three-wave truncation scheme, which allows the prediction of the zonal-flow k_{\psi}-spectrum during the early phase of nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations.

The model reproduces the known 2-\gamma growth rate resulting from nonlinear beating of linearly unstable primary modes, in line with previous results, without any marginal stability point.

The phase-space structure of such zonal flow is strongly constrained by that of the driving fluctuations, which is essential to understand its behaviour in the region of validity.

It is shown that this leads to an enhanced residual spectrum compared to the classic Rosenbluth-Hinton calculation.