Positivity-preserving dynamical low-rank methods for the Vlasov equation

In this manuscript, we introduce positivity-preserving correction methods for low-rank approximations of the Vlasov equation.

The key idea is to formulate structural properties, including positivity-preservation, as constraints and to seek a minimal correction term that is added to the low-rank solution, by solving a quadratic programming problem.

As a result, the corrected solution satisfies the constraints and preserve these properties, while remaining close to the original low-rank solution.

Two positivity-preserving schemes are proposed in this work, and one of them also preserves the total mass and momentum of the system.

We apply the proposed methods to a Vlasov--Poisson and Vlasov--Poisson-BGK employing a spectral discretization in space and an explicit Runge--Kutta scheme in time.

Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.