Recovery of a Measure-valued Source in the Heat Equation from Sparse Boundary Measurements

This article is devoted to the inverse source problem of uniquely determining a measure-valued source from sparse boundary measurements.

The measurements considered consist of flux observations over a time interval at two distinct points on the boundary of the domain.

The main objective of this work is to extend the existing literature on inverse source problems from sparse boundary measurements, which has so far been limited to point sources or L2 sources, to the identification of a general class of Radon measures.

Our approach combines several analytical tools, including regularity properties, boundary representations, and the time analyticity of solutions to the diffusion equation with singular sources.

Our theoretical analysis is complemented by a numerical study of the problem.

In particular, we investigate the reconstruction of point sources and of a source supported on a curve, and present numerical experiments illustrating the recovery of such sources from sparse boundary flux measurements.