Fluid-Antenna-Aided Active User Detection With 1D-CNN Channel Reconstruction for Unsourced Random Access

In this paper, we investigate the application of fluid antenna systems (FAS) for active user detection (AUD) in unsourced random access (URA).

A channel reconstruction method based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) is proposed to effectively learn the nonlinear mapping from partial channel observations to the full channel vector.

Furthermore, the reconstructed channel information is exploited to improve AUD performance via port selection.

Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed 1D-CNN channel reconstructor significantly outperforms traditional methods under varying pilot lengths, achieving superior normalized mean squared error (NMSE) performance.

Additionally, the reconstructed channel substantially reduces the AUD error rate compared with conventional approaches relying on traditional antenna configurations.