Collisionless dynamo seeds from phase mixing-induced electron slippage

Magnetic fields permeating the Universe on the largest astrophysical scales are thought to result from dynamo amplification in weakly collisional turbulence, but the origin of the seed fields remains an open problem of cosmic magnetogenesis.

We identify a kinetic mechanism for magnetic-field generation in initially unmagnetized, collisionless plasmas, arising from phase-mixing-induced braking of spatially varying electron flows.

Using analytical theory, fully kinetic Vlasov simulations, and turbulent scaling arguments, we show that this process generates coherent magnetic seed fields on scales far larger than the characteristic kinetic scales of the plasma, with strengths comparable to or exceeding classical Biermann battery estimates.

The mechanism requires neither a finite initial magnetic field nor misaligned thermodynamic gradients and occurs naturally in electron--ion plasmas.