Have a thing? Reasoning around recursion with dynamic typing in grounded arithmetic

Neither the classical nor intuitionistic logic traditions are perfectly aligned with the purpose of reasoning about computation, as neither can permit unconstrained recursive definitions without inconsistency: recursive definitions must normally be proven terminating before admission and use.

Grounded arithmetic or GA is a formal-reasoning foundation allowing direct expression of arbitrary recursive definitions.

GA adjusts traditional inference rules so that terms that express nonterminating computations harmlessly denote no semantic value ($\bot$) instead of yielding inconsistency.

Recursive functions are proven terminating in GA essentially by "dynamically typing" terms, or equivalently, symbolically reverse-executing the computations they denote via inference rules.

Once recursive functions have been proven terminating, logical reasoning about them reduces to familiar classical rules.

We summarize the development and lessons learned from two mechanically-checked formulations of GA, finding both syntactically consistent and semantically sound with respect to an underlying computable model.

Propositional grounded arithmetic or PGA is a quantifier-free system for inductive grounded reasoning about open formulas.

PGA has logical expressiveness comparable to Skolem's PRA, but has general-recursive (Turing-complete) functional expressiveness.

PGA builds upon a simpler system of basic grounded arithmetic or BGA, which omits logical operators entirely.

BGA and PGA are not only sound but semantically complete, a combination impossible for powerful classical systems with arithmetic, due to Gödel's incompleteness theorems.

These results suggest that powerful and consistent formal reasoning with unconstrained recursive definitions is possible, potentially enabling new computation-centric formal languages, proof assistants, and type systems in the future.