A posteriori error estimates for parabolic PDEs on evolving surfaces

We derive residual-based a posteriori error estimates for parabolic surface PDEs on closed evolving surfaces.

The main contribution is to prove efficiency and reliability for the proposed error indicator, which bounds the error quantities globally from above and globally in space and locally in time from below.

We extend methods for adaptivity for parabolic PDEs on stationary surfaces to allow for non-trivial coarsening on evolving surfaces.

Multiple numerical experiments are given, which illustrate the asymptotic behaviour of the error and effectiveness of the refinement and coarsening.