Axiom Beta Implies Elementary Transfinite Recursion

We show that $\mathbf{C}$, a weak theory of sets with Axiom Beta, proves the scheme of Elementary, or $\Delta_0$ Transfinite Recursion and can generate, for every set, the corresponding relativized constructible hierarchy.

We show that the theory $\mathbf{C}$ corresponds to Simpson's system $\mathbf{ATR}_0^\text{set}$ without the Axiom of Countability.

In fact, $\mathbf{C}$ proves the totality of the Veblen function and of all primitive recursive set functions.

In particular, this means our system $\mathbf{C}$ is equivalent to $\mathbf{PRS}\omega+\text{Axiom Beta}$.

We also establish an upper bound, though not a sharp one, for the $\Sigma_1$-definable functions of $\mathbf{C}$.

Finally, we show that the variant of $\mathbf{C}$ in which the Finite Powerset Axiom is replaced by the closure under the rudimentary functions is a strictly weaker theory and no longer ensures the existence of the relativized constructible hierarchy.