The Ising Model Coupled to 2D Gravity: Critical Partition Function

We prove that the differential of the log of the partition function for the $2$-matrix model with quartic interactions converges in a certain double-scaling regime to the differential of the $\boldsymbol{\tau}$-function for the $(3,4)$ string equation.

This confirms the convergence of the critical Ising model on random surfaces to the $(3,4)$ topological minimal model, which was stated in the works of Douglas and Shenker, Brézin and Kazakov, and Gross and Migdal.

Our analysis is based on a steepest-descent analysis of a Riemann-Hilbert problem associated to a family of biorthogonal polynomials.

New features in the matching problem in the construction of local parametrices appear.