Localization transitions of diffusion dynamics in physical networks

Network diffusion underlies many transport phenomena, with Laplacian modes setting how information spreads and relaxes.

In physical networks, however, connectivity alone is not enough: node volumes introduce local dwell times that regulate how flow is stored before being propagated.

Here we show that physical heterogeneity reshapes topology-driven localization, with the degree-volume ratio emerging as the relevant disorder parameter.

We solve an analytical model in which ratio detuning qualitatively reorganizes the Laplacian spectrum, and demonstrate in empirical networks how degree-volume correlations shift extremal eigenmodes away from the nodes selected by topology alone.

Our results reveal a general feature-rich-driven mechanism for localization control, showing that physicality non-trivially reshapes the disorder landscape governing network dynamics.